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. 2016 Jan 24;213(11):1809–1819. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiw030

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© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 4. — Combinations of antigen-specific cytokine production at day 18. The frequency of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ live-attenuated Salmonella Typhi strain Ty21a (Ty21a)-responsive and heterologous influenza virus–responsive populations expressing 1 (+), 2 (++), or 3 (+++) cytokines (interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α, and/or interleukin 2) above background. For control (C; closed squares, circles, and triangles) and vaccinated (V; open squares, circles, and triangles) volunteers, measurements were made at the duodenal mucosa (A and B) and in peripheral blood (C and D). Horizontal bars represent mean values (comparisons were made using unpaired t tests). Abbreviation: NS, not significant.