Figure 1.

Blood-stage controlled human malaria infection and parasite multiplication rate (PMR) analysis. Individual quantitative polymerase chain reaction data are shown for the VAC054 phase 2a study, including 12 apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) vaccinees (group 1; A) and 15 unvaccinated infectivity controls (group 2; B). The lower limit of quantification is indicated by the dotted line at 20 parasites/mL. C, Primary end point analysis of PMRs, showing data for each individual plus the mean ± SD for each group. Both data sets are normally distributed (as determined by the D'Agostino–Pearson test), with similar variance (P = .74, by the F test).