Table 4.

Studies Assessing Frailty and Outcome in TAVI vs. Cardiac Surgery.

Study	Parameter(s)	Result	HR/OR; 95% CI, P value*
Green et al.(68)	Gaits speed, grip strength, serum albumin, ADL status in frailty score with TAVI	↑ frailty score correlates with ↑ 1 year mortality	HR 3.5; CI: 1.4 to 8.5, p< 0.007
Afialo et al.(83)	Frailty and disability score in cardiac surgery	5 meter gait speed and Nagi disability score ≥ 3, ↑ mortality	Gait: OR 2.63; CI, 1.17 to 5.90 Nagi: OR 2.98; CI, 1.35–6.56
De Areza et al.(84)	EuroSCORE + 6 minute walk test for SAVR	6 minute walk distance associated with composite CV outcome	HR 0.28; CI, 0.09 to 0.85, p=0.025
Lee et al.(85)	Frailty based on impairment of ADLs, ambulation, or history of dementia in cardiac surgery	Frailty - ↑ hospital mortality and ↑ hospital stay	OR 1.8; CI, 1.1 to 3.0 for mortality
Schoenenberger et al.(86)	Frailty index to assess functional decline after TAVI	Frailty index strongly predicted functional decline	OR 1.56; CI, 1.20 to 2.04; p= 0.001
Stortecky et al.(67)	Multidimensional Geriatric Assessment (MGA) tool to predict adverse events in TAVI	Frailty characteristics- cognitive impairment, malnutrition, mobility impairment, limitations in ADLs - were predictive of increased mortality.	OR 3.29; CI, 1.06 to 10.15; for MGA

ADL = activity of daily living, CV= cardiovascular

^*p value given if available.