Table 3.

Change in level of hepatocyte growth factor between Exam 1 and Exam 2 and hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident type 2 diabetes according to change in HGF, The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2000–2002 to 2010–2011)

	Quintile of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Exam 1
	Quintile 1 (n=383)	Quintile 2 (n=383)	Quintile 3 (n=383)	Quintile 4 (n=383)	Quintile 5 (n=383)	p-for trend
Mean change in HGF(μg/L) Exam 1 to Exam 2 (95% Confidence Limits)	17 (16, 19)	12 (10, 14)	7 (6, 9)	3 (0.8, 4)	−6 (−8, −3)	<0.001
	Quintile of Change in Hepatocyte Growth Factor from Exam 1 to Exam 2 (HGF μg/L)
	Quintile 1	Quintile 2	Quintile 3	Quintile 4	Quintile 5
Cases/Person years follow-up	39/2384	42/2529	35/2554	43/2420	41/2556
Incidence Rate/100,000 person years	1636	1661	1370	1777	1604	NS
Hazard Ratios (95% Confidence Limits) per 1 SD increment in Change in Hepatocyte Growth Factor from Exam 1 to Exam 2
Unadjusted hazard model	1.02 (0.89, 1.18)
Model 1	1.22 (1.06, 1.41)
Model 2	1.28 (1.10, 1.49)
Model 3	1.31 (1.13, 1.53)	Using Exam 1 clinical values*
Model 4	1.12 (0.95, 1.32)	1.21 (1.03, 1.45)
Model 5	NE	1.21 (1.03, 1.43)

1 SD increment change in HGF = 19 μg/L

Change in HGF is presented as continuous (Exam 2 − Exam 1); percent change results similar and not shown

Model 1: Adjustment for HGF exam 1 value

Model 2: Adjustment for M1, and Exam 2 age, sex, race/ethnicity, study site, and education

Model 3: Adjustment for M2, and Exam 2 smoking status, alcohol consumption, and regular physical activity

Model 4: Adjustment for M3, and Exam 2 body mass index, waist circumference, and fasting glucose and insulin (unless noted*)

Model 5: Adjustment for M4, and Exam 2 levels of IL-6 and CRP (unless noted*)

^*Clinical values: body mass index, BMI², waist circumference, fasting glucose and insulin and levels of IL-6 and CRP

NS: Not significant

NE: Not estimable due to large number for which IL-6 and CRP unmeasured at Exam 2