Table 3.

Univariable logistic regression analysis of hospitalization variables and survival in adult horses diagnosed with botulism. Only variables with P < .20 that were considered for inclusion in the final model are listed

Variable	Nonsurvivors (n = 48) n (%)	Survivors (n = 44) n (%)	Crude OR	95% CI	P‐Value
Treatment
Antitoxin
No	18 (38.3)	2 (4.6)	Reference		NA
Yes	29 (61.7)	42 (95.5)	13.03	2.40–70.69	<.001
<6 hours
No	21 (47.7)	9 (21.4)	Reference		NA
Yes	23 (52.3)	33 (78.6)	3.35	1.25–9.00	.011
Enteral nutrition
No	21 (56.8)	3 (7.1)	Reference		NA
Yes	16 (43.2)	39 (92.9)	17.06	3.43–84.77	<.001
Antimicrobial class
Β‐lactam alone	18 (62.1)	5 (17.9)	Reference		NA
Β‐lactam + other	5 (17.2)	16 (57.1)	11.52	2.81–47.22	.001
Other	4 (13.8)	3 (10.7)	2.70	0.45–16.26	.278
Metronidazole	2 (6.9)	4 (14.3)	7.20	1.01–51.39	.049
Oxygen
No	28 (62.2)	34 (82.9)	Reference		NA
Yes	17 (37.8)	7 (17.1)	0.34	0.12–0.97	.034
IV fluids
No	5 (10.4)	14 (32.6)	Reference		NA
Yes	43 (89.6)	29 (67.4)	0.24	0.07–0.78	.010
Other meds
No	9 (19.6)	16 (38.1)	Reference		NA
Yes	37 (80.4)	26 (61.9)	0.40	0.15–1.06	.056
Ophthalmic oint.
No	16 (35.6)	25 (59.5)	Reference		NA
Yes	29 (64.4)	17 (40.5)	0.38	0.15–0.92	.026
Skin ointment
No	41 (91.1)	32 (76.2)	Reference		NA
Yes	4 (8.9)	10 (23.8)	3.20	0.89–11.55	.060
Physical therapy
No	18 (40)	32 (76.2)	Reference		NA
Yes	27 (60)	10 (23.8)	0.21	0.08–0.57	.001
Turning
No	19 (42.2)	32 (76.2)	Reference		NA
Yes	26 (57.8)	10 (23.8)	0.23	0.09–0.62	.001
Sustained recumbency
No	8 (16.7)	35 (79.6)	Reference		NA
Yes	40 (83.3)	9 (20.5)	0.05	0.01–0.20	<.001
Complications
Cellulitis
No	45 (97.8)	37 (84.1)	Reference		NA
Yes	1 (2.2)	7 (15.9)	8.51	0.93–78.19	.023

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.