Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, procedural, and survival data for dogs with HG‐AVB undergoing transvenous PAP implantation at NCSU between 2002 and 2012. See text for definitions of individual variables. BH and AH groups are compared with Student's t‐tests (continuous variables) or Fisher's Exact test (categorical variables). All data are given as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise noted
| Variable | All dogs | BH | AH | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of dogs | 97 | 55 | 42 | – |
| Age (years) | 10 ± 3.2 | 10.7 ± 3.2 | 9.0 ± 3.1 | .025a |
| Weight (kg) | 23 ± 10 | 22 ± 9.8 | 25 ± 11 | .43 |
| ECG diagnosis (3rd degree AVB) | 87/97 (90%) | 48/55 (87%) | 39/42 (93%) | .68 |
| Ventricular ectopy | 17/97 (18%) | 7/55 (13%) | 10/42 (24%) | .24 |
| Escape heart rate (bpm) | 42 ± 11 | 43.6 ± 9.6 | 40.8 ± 12.0 | .58 |
| QRS duration (ms) | 61 ± 18 | 58.5 ± 18.2 | 65.1 ± 18.6 | .26 |
| Atropine responsive | 4/77 (5%) | 3/47 (6%) | 1/34 (3%) | .64 |
| Structural heart disease | 55/97 (57%) | 32/55 (58%) | 23/42 (55%) | .38 |
| Mild: 46 | Mild: 29 | Mild: 17 | ||
| Moderate: 5 | Moderate: 2 | Moderate: 3 | ||
| Severe: 4 | Severe: 1 | Severe: 3 | ||
| Congestive heart failure | 9/97 (9%) | 3/55 (5%) | 6/42 (14%) | .40 |
| Left: 4 | Left: 2 | Left: 2 | ||
| Right: 4 | Biventricular: 1 | Right: 4 | ||
| Biventricular: 1 | ||||
| Azotemia | 25/97 (26%) | 15/51 (29%) | 10/41 (24%) | .40 |
| Mild: 17 | Mild: 11 | Mild: 6 | ||
| Moderate: 8 | Moderate: 4 | Moderate: 4 | ||
| Time between referral/pacemaker (days) | 0.52 ± 0.60 | 0.81 ± 0.58 | 0.12 ± 0.32 | <.0001a |
| Lead fixation (% passive) | 88/94 (94%) | 49/54 (91%) | 39/40 (98%) | .31 |
| Operator experience | F: 16/97 | F: 9/55 | F: 7/42 | .57 |
| R3: 22/97 | R3: 13/55 | R3: 9/42 | ||
| R2: 34/97 | R2: 18/55 | R2: 16/42 | ||
| R1: 25/97 | R1: 15/55 | R1: 10/42 | ||
| Faculty present? | 79/97 (81%) | 43/55 (78%) | 36/42 (86%) | .46 |
| Temporary pacing used | 44/97 (45%) | 24/55 (44%) | 20/42 (48%) | .82 |
| Hypotension under anesthesia | 37/97 (38%) | 23/50 (46%) | 14/41 (34%) | .49 |
| Procedure duration (minutes) | 90 ± 27 | 91 ± 27 | 88 ± 26 | .26 |
| Hospitalization (hours) | 39 ± 16 | 45 ± 14 | 32 ± 16 | <.0001a |
| Cost of procedure (US$) | 2414 ± 608 | 2411 ± 644 | 2416 ± 564 | .47 |
| Major complications | 14/79 (17.7%) | 4/43 (9.3%) | 10/36 (27.8%) | .041a |
| Minor complications | 14/79 (17.7%) | 6/43 (14%) | 8/36 (22.2%) | .39 |
| MST (all‐cause) (months) | 27 | 23.5 | 29 | .70 |
| MST (cardiac) (months) | 16 | 18 | 13.5 | .40 |
a
Indicate statistically significant differences between BH and AH groups.