Table 3.
Percent change in placental mtDNA content in association with prenatal NO2 exposure in INMA, ENVIRONAGE, and in the pooled sample.
| Pregnancy period | Differences in placental mtDNA content (%) (95% CI) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|
| INMA (n = 376)a,b | ||
| Trimester 1 | –4.1 (–7.1, –1.1) | 0.007 |
| Trimester 2 | –5.0 (–8.0, –2.0) | 0.002 |
| Trimester 3 | –4.9 (–7.9, –1.8) | 0.003 |
| Entire pregnancy | –5.5 (–8.8, –2.1) | 0.002 |
| ENVIRONAGE (n = 550) | ||
| Trimester 1 | –5.1 (–15.5, 6.6) | 0.38 |
| Trimester 2 | –11.1 (–19.9, –1.24) | 0.03 |
| Trimester 3 | –13.5 (–20.1, –6.4) | 0.003 |
| Entire pregnancy | –10.1 (–20.1, 1.24) | 0.08 |
| INMA + ENVIRONAGE (n = 926)c | ||
| Trimester 1 | –2.5 (–6.4, 1.6) | 0.22 |
| Trimester 2 | –4.4 (–8.4, –0.3) | 0.04 |
| Trimester 3 | –5.2 (–9.1, –1.2) | 0.01 |
| Entire pregnancy | –4.9 (–9.3, –0.3) | 0.04 |
| Effect size was estimated for each 10-μg/m3 increment in exposure to NO2 at each mother’s residence during the corresponding period. Models were adjusted for newborn’s sex, maternal age, maternal smoking status, gestational age (linear and quadratic), prepregnancy BMI, parity, ethnicity, season of birth, and education.aResults followed the same direction in all four INMA subcohorts (see Supplemental Material, Table S2). bFour INMA subcohorts were included as random effect. cCohorts were included as random effect. | ||