Table 4.
Association between prenatal NO2 exposure and birth weight in INMA, ENVIRONAGE, and in the pooled sample.
| Pregnancy period | Differences in birth weight (g) (95% CI) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|
| INMA (n = 376)a,b | ||
| Trimester 1 | –56.2 (–94.5, –17.8) | 0.004 |
| Trimester 2 | –56.3 (–96.2, –16.4) | 0.006 |
| Trimester 3 | –52.1 (–93.8, –12.5) | 0.01 |
| Entire pregnancy | –66.4 (–111.0, –22.7) | 0.004 |
| ENVIRONAGE (n = 550) | ||
| Trimester 1 | –20.0 (–91.3, 51.3) | 0.58 |
| Trimester 2 | –3.4 (–76.4, 69.5) | 0.93 |
| Trimester 3 | –29.9 (–98.2, 38.3) | 0.39 |
| Entire pregnancy | –19.8 (–101.1, 61.7) | 0.63 |
| INMA + ENVIRONAGE (n = 926)c | ||
| Trimester 1 | –44.1 (–77.4, –10.8) | 0.01 |
| Trimester 2 | –36.2 (–70.9, –1.6) | 0.04 |
| Trimester 3 | –37.5 (–71.4, –3.6) | 0.03 |
| Entire pregnancy | –47.5 (–86.6, –8.5) | 0.02 |
| Effect size was estimated for each 10-μg/m3 increment in exposure to NO2 at each mother’s residence during the corresponding period. Models were adjusted for newborn’s sex, season of birth, maternal age, maternal smoking status, parity, ethnicity, education, gestational age (linear and quadratic), and prepregnancy BMI.aResults followed the same direction in all four INMA subcohorts. (see Supplemental Material, Table S3). bFour INMA subcohorts were included as random effect. cCohorts were included as random effect. | ||