Table 3.
Results of the sensitivity analyses, showing relative risks (with 95% confidence intervals) of high depressive symptoms at follow-up in study participants exposed to residential road traffic noise (Lden) > 50 dB(A) and ≤ 50 dB(A).
| Subgroup | Cases (n) | Total (n)a | RR (95% CI)b |
|---|---|---|---|
| Education | |||
| ≤ 13 years | 214 | 1,968 | 1.43 (1.10, 1.85) |
| > 13 years | 65 | 1,130 | 0.92 (0.56, 1.53) |
| Moved during follow-up | |||
| Yes | 61 | 502 | 1.17 (0.72, 1.88) |
| No | 218 | 2,596 | 1.33 (1.02, 1.72) |
| Insomnia | |||
| Yes | 55 | 281 | 1.62 (1.01, 2.59) |
| No | 222 | 2,803 | 1.21 (0.94, 1.57) |
| City of residence | |||
| Mülheim/Ruhr | 99 | 1,162 | 1.21 (0.83, 1.76) |
| Bochum | 89 | 927 | 1.51 (1.00, 2.29) |
| Essen | 91 | 1,009 | 1.16 (0.77, 1.74) |
| Excluded lifetime prevalence of depression at baselinec | 189 | 2,382 | 1.34 (1.01, 1.76) |
| Noise cutoff Lden > 65 dB(A) | 279 | 3,098 | 1.07 (0.77, 1.49) |
| CES-D ≥ 17 only to define outcome | 227 | 3,469 | 1.24 (0.96, 1.61) |
| Antidepressant medication only to define outcome | 144 | 3,467 | 1.28 (0.92, 1.80) |
| Abbreviations: CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CI, confidence interval; dB(A), A-weighted decibels; RR, relative risk. aMaximum total n in Model 1 = 3,098; numbers differing from those in Table 1 reflect missing covariate data (in Model 1). bAdjusted for age, sex, education (not in the education-stratified analysis), income, economic activity, neighborhood-level socioeconomic status, and traffic proximity (Model 1). No substantial differences were observed in unadjusted results and in results for Model 2 and Model 3 (data not shown). cExcluded 176 participants who reported having/having ever had depression and 605 participants with missing data. | |||