Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the participants (n = 231; PELAGIE cohort, France).
| Characteristics of mothers and families | n (%) | Mean ± SD | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| At inclusion during pregnancy (< 19 weeks gestation) | |||
| Mothers’ age (years) | 231 | 30.3 ± 4.1 | 21.9–44 |
| Maternal educational level | |||
| High school or less | 74 (32.0) | ||
| University level | 157 (68.0) | ||
| Smoking (% yes) | 231 (23.4) | ||
| Alcohol use (% yes)a | 231 (13.0) | ||
| Fish intake (% ≥ 2 per week) | 231 (29.4) | ||
| Fruit and vegetable consumption (% ≥ 3 per day) | 231 (24.2) | ||
| Urinary creatinine levels (mg/L) | 231 | 1,080 ± 509 | 235–3,511 |
| Season of urine collection | |||
| Spring | 72 (31.2) | ||
| Summer | 58 (25.1) | ||
| Autumn | 48 (20.8) | ||
| Winter | 53 (22.9) | ||
| Parity | |||
| 0 | 98 (42.4) | ||
| ≥ 1 | 133 (57.6) | ||
| At the 6-year-old follow-up | |||
| Marital status (% single)c | 231 (5.8) | ||
| Mothers’ IQb | 231 | 93.4 ± 11.4 | 60–127 |
| HOME score | 231 | 46.1 ± 4.3 | 27–46.1 |
| Number of children in the family at the 6-year follow-up | 231 | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 1–6 |
| Children’s characteristics | |||
| Sex (% male) | 231 (50.6) | ||
| Birth weight (g) | 231 | 3,401 ± 436 | 2,340–4,660 |
| Breastfeeding durationc | |||
| No breastfeeding | 80 (34.6) | ||
| ≤ 16 weeks | 70 (30.3) | ||
| > 16 weeks | 81 (35.1) | ||
| School at 6 years of age (% elementary)c | 231 (27.7) | ||
| Testing characteristics | |||
| Child psychologist (% psychologist 1) | 231 (50.2) | ||
| Disturbance during test (% yes) | 231 (8.2) | ||
| aDrinking an alcoholic beverage at least once a week or more during pregnancy. bMeasured with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4th ed. cMissing values were imputed for breastfeeding duration (n = 1, > 16 weeks), school (n = 1, primary school), and mother’s marital status (n = 8, married/cohabitating). | |||