Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline by CKD stage and treatment group

Characteristics	CKD Stage 1 (n=502)		CKD Stage 2 (n=689)		CKD Stage 3 (n=248)
	Tolvaptan (n=330)	Placebo (n=172)	Tolvaptan (n=465)	Placebo (n=224)	Tolvaptan (n=163)	Placebo (n=85)
Men, %	47.3	47.4	49.7	52.2	65.6	58.8
Age, yr	34±7	35±8	40±6	41±6	42±6	42±6
Race, %
White	91	94	82	80	78	75
Asian	7	4	15	17	17	20
Other	2	2	3	3	5	5
Height, cm	174±10	173±10	173±11	173±10	176±10	176±9
Weight, kg	78±19	77±19	78±18	77±18	86±17	85±17
BP, mmHg
Systolic	128±13	129±13	129±14	128±14	129±14	128±13
Diastolic	82±9	82±9	83±10	82±10	83±11	83±9
History of hypertension, %	73	71	84	90	95	93
Treatment with ACEIs or ARBs, %	73	69	84	88	95	93
History of kidney pain, %	56	51	48	50	53	42
History of proteinuria, %	19	20	26	25	30	31
Estimated CrCl <80 ml/min, %	2	2	25	28	66	71
TKV, ml	1375±681	1313±529	1713±861	1713±823	2353±1101	2266±1174
Serum creatinine, mg/dl	0.82(0.14)	0.80±0.15	1.06±0.18	1.07±0.18	1.51(0.27)	1.48±0.35
Fasting urine osmolality, mOsm/kg	572±180	592±197	483±165	491±154	413±119	444±199
eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2	105±10	107±13	75±9	75±9	51±6	52±8
Urinary ACR (mg/g)a	24.0 (13.0–47.0)	24.0 (14.7–53.0)	28.3 (15.9–64.7)	29.8 (14.0–56.1)	37.5 (19.0–90.6)	42.1 (21.0–113.7)

Values expressed with a plus/minus sign are the mean±SD. ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin-receptor blocker; CrCl, creatinine clearance; TKV, total kidney volume; ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio.

^aExpressed as median (interquartile range).