Table 1.
Patient characteristics at baseline of all children and their distribution by late referral and early referral
| Variable | All Children | Late Referrals | Early Referrals | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total, n (%) | 1603 | 408 (25.5) | 1195 (74.5) | |
| Age at presentation, median (IQR), yr | 4.1 (0.3–10.1) | 11.0 (5.1–13.7) | 2.1 (0.1–7.6) | <0.001 |
| Age at presentation, n (%), yr | <0.001 | |||
| 0–<1 | 522 (32.6) | 37 (9.1) | 485 (40.6) | |
| 1–1.9 | 130 (8.1) | 27 (6.6) | 103 (8.6) | |
| 2–3.9 | 140 (8.7) | 24 (5.9) | 116 (9.7) | |
| 4–7.9 | 265 (16.5) | 50 (12.3) | 215 (18.0) | |
| 8–11.9 | 281 (17.5) | 95 (23.3) | 186 (15.6) | |
| 12–16 | 265 (16.5) | 175 (42.9) | 90 (7.5) | |
| Age at start of RRT, median (IQR) | 10.0 (5.1–13.4) | 11.1 (5.1–13.7) | 9.6 (5.0–13.2) | 0.06 |
| Age at start of RRT, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| 3 mo–1.9 yr | 188 (11.7) | 62 (15.2) | 126 (10.5) | |
| 2–3.9 yr | 152 (9.5) | 25 (6.1) | 127 (10.6) | |
| 4–7.9 yr | 272 (17.0) | 51 (12.5) | 221 (18.5) | |
| 8–11.9 yr | 388 (24.2) | 94 (23) | 294 (24.6) | |
| 12–16 yr | 603 (37.6) | 176 (43.1) | 427 (35.7) | |
| Gender, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Female | 678 (42.3) | 231 (56.6) | 447 (37.4) | |
| Male | 925 (57.7) | 177 (43.4) | 748 (62.6) | |
| Ethnicity,a n (%) | 0.04 | |||
| Black | 49 (3.1) | 19 (4.7) | 30 (2.5) | |
| Other | 72 (4.5) | 25 (6.1) | 47 (3.9) | |
| South Asian | 267 (16.7) | 64 (15.7) | 203 (17.1) | |
| White | 1209 (75.7) | 299 (73.5) | 910 (76.5) | |
| Time period at start of RRT, n (%) | 0.94 | |||
| 1996–2001 | 529 (33.0) | 136 (33.3) | 393 (32.9) | |
| 2002–2007 | 558 (34.8) | 139 (34.1) | 419 (35.1) | |
| 2008–2012 | 516 (32.2) | 133 (32.6) | 383 (32.1) | |
| Primary renal diagnosis,b n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Congenital nephrotic syndrome | 94 (5.9) | 14 (3.5) | 80 (6.7) | |
| Drug nephrotoxicity | 20 (1.3) | 9 (2.2) | 11 (0.9) | |
| Glomerular disease | 340 (21.4) | 119 (29.5) | 221 (18.6) | |
| Malignancy and associated disease | 22 (1.4) | 9 (2.2) | 13 (1.1) | |
| Metabolic | 77 (4.8) | 10 (2.5) | 67 (5.6) | |
| Obstructive uropathy | 241 (15.1) | 16 (4) | 225 (18.9) | |
| Polycystic kidney disease | 45 (2.8) | 6 (1.5) | 39 (3.3) | |
| Reflux nephropathy | 93 (5.8) | 21 (5.2) | 72 (6.1) | |
| Renal dysplasia | 404 (25.4) | 72 (17.9) | 332 (27.9) | |
| Renovascular disease | 47 (3.0) | 14 (3.5) | 33 (2.8) | |
| Tubulo-interstitial diseases | 134 (8.4) | 60 (14.9) | 74 (6.2) | |
| Uncertain etiology | 75 (4.7) | 53 (13.2) | 22 (1.9) | |
| Center size, n (%) | 0.08 | |||
| Small | 290 (18.1) | 62 (15.2) | 228 (19.1) | |
| Large | 1313 (71.9) | 346 (74.8) | 967 (70.9) |
IQR, interquartile range.
a
n=6 missing ethnicity.
b
n=11 missing PRD.