Table 2.

Genetic animal models linking behavioral alterations to GABA_AR.

Model or Study	Affected alcohol related behavior
GABRA1 Mouse allelic noncoding variation*	Ethanol induced hypothermia and motor incoordination, ethanol-conditioned taste aversion and acute ethanol withdrawal (Ueno et al., 2001)
GABAAR α1 ethanol insensitive Mouse KI	Reduced sedative and increased anxiolytic effect of ethanol (Lobo and Harris, 2008)
GABAAR α2(S270H/L277A) ethanol insensitive Mouse KI	No taste aversion and hyperlocomotion, decreased hypnosis but still anxiolytic (Blednov et al., 2011)
GABAAR α2 Mouse KO	Reduction of conditioned taste aversion and faster recovery of ethanol induced incoordination (Blednov et al., 2013)
GABAAR α3 Mouse KO	Prolonged motor-incoordination (Blednov et al., 2013)
GABAAR α6 Mouse KO	Effect of ethanol unchanged, possibly due to compensatory adaptations (Homanics et al., 1997, 1998)
GABRA6 Mouse allelic non-coding variation*	Ethanol-induced hypothermia and motor incoordination, ethanol-conditioned taste aversion and acute ethanol withdrawal (Ueno et al., 2001)
GABRA6 ethanol sensitive rat allelic non-coding variation**	Increased motor impairment (Eriksson and Sarviharju, 1984; Korpi et al., 1993)
GABRA6 Ethanol sensitive rat R100Q SNP	Increased ethanol sensitivity in these rats seems to be independent of R100Q (Botta et al., 2007), despite previous suggestions (Korpi et al., 1993; Hanchar et al., 2005)
GABAAR β1 L285R mutant Mouse	Increased ethanol consumption without change in ethanol potentiation (Anstee et al., 2013)
GABAAR β3 N265M mutant Mouse KI	Increased tolerance and withdrawal but little change in acute ethanol sensitivity (Sanchis-Segura et al., 2007)
GABAAR α2 Mouse KO	Reduced anticonvulsant effects, ethanol consumption and withdrawal (Mihalek et al., 2001)
GABRG2 Mouse allelic coding variation*	Ethanol-induced hypothermia and motor incoordination, ethanol-conditioned taste aversion and acute ethanol withdrawal (Buck et al., 1997)
GABAAR γ2L Mouse KO	Normal ethanol response (Homanics et al., 1999)
GABAAR ρ Mouse KO	Reduced ethanol consumption and faster recovery of ethanol induced incoordination (Blednov et al., 2003)
PKCε Mouse KO	Increased hyperlocomotion and sedation, reduced voluntary alcohol consume (Hodge et al., 1999; Olive et al., 2000), increased alcohol aversion (Newton and Messing, 2007) and increased response to direct GABAAR antagonist muscimol (Ueno et al., 2001)
PKCδ Mouse KO	Resistance to ethanol intoxication and reduced or abolished potentiation of tonic GABAergic currents (Choi et al., 2008)
PKCγ Mouse KO	Shorter loss of righting reflex and less sensitive to ethanol-induced hypothermia (Harris et al., 1995)

*Either of these polymorphisms may account for the changes (Buck et al., 1997; Ueno et al., 2001). **Other co-segregated factors may account for the changes (Congeddu et al., 2003; Radcliffe et al., 2004).