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Non-canonical BMP/TGFβ signaling. p38 activity can be triggered by a BMP-dependent mechanism. Once BMP receptors (BMPR) are stimulated they form a complex formed by NRAGE, XIAP, and TAB1, which is responsible of TAK1 activation. Relaxin can act on TAK1, cooperating on p38 activation. Although considered to be independent from SMAD activity, some cross-regulation have also been reported.
