Table 2.
Mean and bootstrapped median costs per adolescent measured at T1 covering a 4-month period between T0 and T1 (€, 2014) and zscores per cost category.
| Type of costs | Intervention group (€) | Control group (€) | Skewness (z score) b | |||
|
|
Mean (SD) | Median (σ 2) a | Mean (SD) | Median (σ 2) a |
|
|
| Intervention costs | 53.00 (0.00) | 53.00 (0.00) |
|
|
|
|
| Health care costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
General practitioner | 25.42 (3.39) | 25.22 (11.49) | 23.84 (4.36) | 23.50 (11.49) | 73.44 |
|
|
Emergency care | 10.16 (3.14) | 10.06 (9.86) | 8.08 (3.74) | 7.65 (13.99) | 97.98 |
|
|
Hospital stays | 27.22 (12.38) | 26.88 (135.26) | 67.90 (58.94) | 66.98 (3473.92) | 258.45 |
|
|
Ambulance rides | 7.34 (2.95) | 6.74 (8.70) | 9.37 (6.18) | 8.64 (38.19) | 174.83 |
|
|
Mental health care | 16.07 (6.37) | 15.59 (40.58) | 14.16 (5.72) | 13.78 (32.71) | 115.83 |
|
|
Total health care costs | 85.65 (20.62) | 84.89 (425.18) | 124.49 (67.91) | 120.38 (4611.76) | 229.86 |
| Total health care perspective | 139.16 (20.77) | 138.04 (431.39) | 127.45 (68.64) | 122.12 (4711.45) | 229.09 | |
| Educational sector costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
School absenteeism | 51.88 (7.13) | 51.44 (50.84) | 66.77 (11.03) | 65.74 (121.66) | 76.31 |
|
|
Attendance officer | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.04 (0.00) | 2.53 (2.16) | 2.40 (4.67) | 272.90 |
|
|
Total educational sector costs | 51.52 (7.16) | 51.17 (51.27) | 69.30 (11.35) | 68.37 (128.82) | 74.60 |
| Labor and social security costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Work absenteeism | 9.67 (3.49) | 9.20 (12.18) | 6.03 (1.41) | 6.01 (1.99) | 140.85 |
|
|
Total labor and social security costs | 9.63 (3.39) | 9.30 (11.49) | 6.09 (1.40) | 6.01 (1.96) | 140.85 |
| Household and leisure costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Failure to perform household activities | 8.58 (3.01) | 8.31 (9.06) | 10.92 (3.39) | 10.74 (11.49) | 98.06 |
|
|
Failure to perform other activities | 25.77 (13.20) | 24.67 (174.24) | 8.17 (1.60) | 8.02 (2.56) | 182.19 |
|
|
Youth and family center | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.33 (0.34) | 0.33 (0.12) | 282.45 |
|
|
Family care | 1.26 (1.27) | 1.49 (1.61) | 0.18 (0.18) | 0.19 (0.03) | 270.73 |
|
|
Total household and leisure costs | 35.38 (14.80) | 33.55 (219.04) | 19.23 (4.21) | 18.81 (17.72) | 163.43 |
| Criminal justice system costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Police services | 4.68 (2.61) | 4.45 (6.81) | 6.67 (2.50) | 6.47 (6.25) | 126.44 |
|
|
Youth police services | 1.58 (1.72) | 1.91 (2.96) | 0.28 (0.20) | 0.28 (0.04) | 277.89 |
|
|
Court proceedings | 55.10 (34.45) | 50.92 (1186.80) | 9.95 (7.39) | 10.15 (54.61) | 197.40 |
|
|
Child protection services | 0.29 (0.31) | 0.36 (0.10) | 0.68 (0.72) | 0.72 (0.52) | 227.11 |
|
|
Child health protection services | 3.13 (3.73) | 4.06 (13.91) | 0.46 (0.45) | 0.48 (0.20) | 277.12 |
|
|
Total criminal justice system costs | 66.32 (38.43) | 61.51 (1476.86) | 18.77 (9.79) | 17.40 (95.84) | 182.55 |
| Total intersectoral costs | 162.68 (41.85) | 158.61 (1751.42) | 112.61 (18.83) | 111.26 (354.57) | 124.84 | |
| Substance use costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cigarettes | 30.68 (6.25) | 30.46 (39.06) | 18.82 (3.94) | 18.82 (15.52) | 48.86 |
|
|
Soft drugs | 4.30 (1.95) | 4.00 (3.80) | 5.44 (3.01) | 5.12 (9.06) | 153.72 |
|
|
Hard drugs | 1.15 (1.08) | 1.32 (1.17) | 0.20 (0.11) | 0.19 (0.01) | 275.97 |
|
|
Total costs of substance use | 36.30 (7.58) | 36.09 (57.46) | 24.64 (5.85) | 24.30 (34.22) | 61.42 |
| Total societal perspective | 336.45 (53.31) | 331.41 (2841.96) | 263.52 (70.70) | 255.75 (4998.49) | 135.60 | |
aThe presented median cost is the 50 thpercentile of 1000 bootstrap replications.
bThe zscore for each cost category is positive and higher than the reference value of 1.96 [ 44] indicating that costs were skewed and tailed to the right.