Table 3.

Logistic Regression Models Predicting Whether Fathers Reported Time Spent in Child Care (N = 20,609)

Variable	Total child care		Routine care		Play		Management		Teaching
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Panel 1
Recessionary effecta
Recession	1.20**	1.06–1.35	1.24***	1.09–1.40	1.22*	1.05–1.43	1.11	0.98–1.26	1.08	0.94–1.24
Jobless recovery	1.05	0.94–1.17	1.07	0.95–1.21	1.15	0.99–1.32	1.05	0.93–1.18	1.13	0.99–1.30
Recovery	1.06	0.97–1.17	1.10	0.99–1.22	1.11	0.99–1.24	1.07	0.97–1.19	1.08	0.96–1.21
Family structureb
Male earner couple	0.70***	0.64–0.77	0.73***	0.66–0.80	1.01	0.91–1.13	0.53***	0.47–0.58	0.82***	0.74–0.92
Female earner couple	2.13***	1.77–2.56	2.52***	2.08–3.06	1.48***	1.19–1.84	1.45***	1.21–1.73	2.09***	1.71–2.55
Neither employed couple	1.43**	1.12–1.83	1.65***	1.24–2.18	1.33	0.99–1.79	1.03	0.79–1.36	1.40*	1.03–1.91
Single fathers	1.23*	1.03–1.47	1.54***	1.26–1.88	0.91	0.70–1.18	1.52***	1.29–1.78	1.61***	1.32–1.96
df	21		21		21		21		21
Wald chi-square	1837.27***		2486.63***		1494.98***		798.34***		718.46***
Panel 2
Recessionary effecta
Recession	1.29***	1.11–1.49	1.17*	1.01–1.36	1.25*	1.03–1.52	1.16	0.99–1.36	1.06	0.89–1.26
Jobless recovery	1.05	0.93–1.17	1.07	0.95–1.21	1.15	0.99–1.32	1.05	0.93–1.18	1.13	0.99–1.30
Recovery	1.06	0.97–1.17	1.10	0.99–1.22	1.11	0.99–1.24	1.07	0.97–1.18	1.08	0.96–1.21
Family structureb
Male earner couple	0.73***	0.66–0.80	0.72***	0.65–0.80	1.03	0.92–1.15	0.54***	0.49–0.61	0.82**	0.73–0.92
Female earner couple	2.13***	1.75–2.59	2.45***	1.99–3.01	1.54***	1.23–1.94	1.45***	1.20–1.75	2.00***	1.62–2.48
Neither employed couple	1.46**	1.12–1.91	1.67**	1.22–2.28	1.35	0.98–1.86	1.09	0.82–1.45	1.47*	1.06–2.04
Single fathers	1.21	0.99–1.47	1.46***	1.17–1.82	0.81	0.60–1.08	1.45***	1.22–1.73	1.58***	1.28–1.96
Interactions
Recession × Male earner couple	0.79	0.61–1.03	1.07	0.81–1.42	0.90	0.64–1.26	0.80	0.60–1.06	0.99	0.73–1.36
Recession × Female earner couple	1.01	0.59–1.73	1.26	0.72–2.20	0.72	0.37–1.44	0.98	0.57–1.67	1.38	0.76–2.49
Recession × Neither employed couple	0.85	0.43–1.65	0.90	0.49–1.68	0.90	0.42–1.92	0.67	0.30–1.52	0.67	0.30–1.53
Recession × Single fathers	1.15	0.74–1.77	1.44	0.91–2.27	1.98*	1.12–3.50	1.33	0.87–2.02	1.13	0.70–1.84
df	25		25		25		25		25
Wald chi-square	1850.47***		2489.02***		1494.65***		807.21***		720.07***

Note: Control variables were included but not presented. The model predicts the probability of spending time in child care (at least one minute) rather than not spending time in child care.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.

^aReferent is pre-recession period.

^bReferent is dual earner couple.