Table 4.

Ordinary Least Square Regression Models Predicting the Amount of Time Spent in Child Care among Those Who Participated in it

Variable	Total child care		Routine care		Play		Management		Teaching
Variable	b	S.E.	b	S.E.	b	S.E.	b	S.E.	b	S.E.
Panel 1
Recessionary effect^a
Recession	0.86	0.44	0.15	0.40	0.62	0.81	0.13	0.30	0.11	0.27
Jobless recovery	0.28	0.35	−0.26	0.37	0.92	0.51	−0.17	0.27	−0.25	0.24
Recovery	0.98^***	0.29	−0.19	0.27	1.07^**	0.41	0.46^*	0.23	0.27	0.21
Family structure^b
Male earner couple	−0.71^*	0.30	−0.56	0.30	−0.05	0.46	0.00	0.24	−0.18	0.18
Female earner couple	5.49^***	0.69	3.05^***	0.73	2.92^**	1.01	1.87^***	0.48	0.96^*	0.38
Neither employed couple	3.98^***	0.97	2.62^**	0.81	0.64	1.23	2.24^**	0.69	0.73	0.67
Single fathers	1.75^***	0.52	0.86	0.53	−0.02	0.85	−0.16	0.30	0.19	0.40
df	21		21		21		21		21
F	35.45^***		20.74^***		9.03^***		10.32^***		5.60^***
Adj. R-Square	0.08		0.07		0.05		0.05		0.04

Panel 2
Recessionary effect^a
Recession	0.37	0.42	−0.33	0.41	0.30	0.61	0.17	0.39	0.14	0.40
Jobless recovery	0.28	0.35	−0.26	0.37	0.91	0.51	−0.18	0.27	−0.25	0.24
Recovery	0.97^***	0.29	−0.19	0.27	1.07^**	0.41	0.46^*	0.23	0.27	0.21
Family structure^b
Male earner couple	−0.90^**	0.29	−0.71^*	0.30	−0.19	0.40	−0.05	0.25	−0.17	0.19
Female earner couple	5.33^***	0.75	3.00^***	0.80	2.61^*	1.10	1.87^***	0.52	0.88^*	0.39
Neither employed couple	4.38^***	1.07	2.77^**	0.90	0.43	1.30	2.38^**	0.74	0.92	0.74
Single fathers	1.40^**	0.50	0.37	0.42	0.61	1.01	−0.01	0.33	0.22	0.45
Interactions
Recession × Male earner couple	1.25	1.16	0.97	0.97	0.85	2.06	0.38	0.73	−0.04	0.52
Recession × Female earner couple	1.12	1.82	0.32	1.88	2.60	2.72	0.01	1.28	0.57	1.20
Recession × Neither employed couple	−2.99	2.34	−1.10	2.08	1.58	3.73	−1.24	1.90	−1.79	1.20
Recession × Single fathers	2.27	1.76	2.97	2.03	−2.70	1.63	−0.86	0.64	−0.20	0.84
df	25		25		25		25		25
F	29.96^***		17.58^***		8.06^***		8.94^***		4.74^***
Adj. R-Square	0.08		0.07		0.05		0.05		0.04
n	11,739		7,894		3,909		5,006		3,420

Note: Control variables were included but not presented and dependent variables were divided by 10 minutes.

p < .05.

^**

p < .01.

^***

p < .001.

Referent is pre-recession period.

Referent is dual earner couple.