Figure 2. Phase singularities in 3D woodpile plasmonic metamaterials.

Theoretical (dashed curved) and experimental (solid) spectral dependencies of ellipsometric reflection Ψ and phase Δ when the metamaterial structure is in contact with air (a) and water (b) environments (the data are given for angles of incidence that show typical spectral dependencies of Ψ and Δ for an angle of incidence of 60 deg. and 47 deg., respectively). The ellipsometric reflection becomes close to zero (topological darkness) at 700 nm and 625 nm, respectively, resulting in sharp jumps of phase Δ . Spectral dependences for p-polarized R_p (red) and s-polarized R_s (green) reflected intensities at the contact of metamaterial structure with air (c) and water (d) environments.