Figure 3. Correlation between the species richness of taxonomical groups across Europe corrected for spatial autocorrelation, as measured by re-scaled Lee’s L bivariate spatial association.

Regions of significant spatial association using a Monte Carlo test on Lee’s statistic at the 95% level. ‘Positive’ indicates values of the Lee’s statistic ranked in the top 97'5% of Monte Carlo values, whilst ‘Negative’ indicates a statistic ranked among the bottom 2'5% Monte Carlo values. Maps generated by V. Gómez-Rubio using R 3.2.2 (R Core Team, https://www.r-project.org). (a) Correlation between mosses and spermatophytes. (b) Correlation between liverworts and spermatophytes. (c) Correlation between ferns and spermatophytes.