Table 1. Species turnover (β_SIM) and nestedness (β_SNE) in European spermatophytes (Sp), ferns (Fe), mosses (Mo) and liverworts (Li): significance level (p-value) of the difference between northern (N, latitude above 46th parallel) and southern Europe (S, latitude below 46th parallel) within taxonomic groups (Fig. 4).

	βSIM	βSNE
Spermatophytes	N <  S	N >  S
	p <  0.001	p =  0.001
Ferns	N >  S	N <  S
	p =  0.036	p =  0.001
Mosses	S= N	S =  N
	p =  0.370	p =  0.220
Liverworts	N <  S	N >  S
	p =  0.026	p =  0.019