Table 3. Variables used in the canonical analyses and macroecological models.

Environmental variable	Driver
Mean annual temperature	Kinetic energy
Standard deviation of mean annual temperature	Environmental heterogeneity
Mean annual precipitation in each pixel	Water balance
Standard deviation of mean annual precipitation	Environmental heterogeneity
Standard deviation of altitude	Environmental heterogeneity
Mean potential evapotranspiration in each pixel	Potential energy
Standard deviation of potential evapotranspiration	Environmental heterogeneity
Mean distance to the coast (continentality)	Spatial and climatic
Mean distance to refugia16	Spatial and historical

Each variable define a possible driver for species richness patterns.