Table 3.
Results of distance-based redundancy analyses (dbRDA) testing the effects of geography, climate and elevation on genetic differentiation among eleven populations of the Pyrenean Morales grasshopper
| Marginal tests | Conditional tests | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | F | P | % var | Variable | F | P | % var |
| F ST | |||||||
| Geography | 10.42 | 0.001 | 53.66 | ||||
| Elevation | 0.54 | 0.651 | 5.75 | Elevation | 0.48 | 0.844 | 2.64 |
| Climate PC1 | 0.67 | 0.581 | 7.00 | Climate PC1 | 0.42 | 0.883 | 2.35 |
| Climate PC2 | 7.57 | 0.002 | 45.70 | Climate PC2 | 0.62 | 0.720 | 3.35 |
| Climate PC3 | 1.59 | 0.194 | 15.06 | Climate PC3 | 2.02 | 0.084 | 9.37 |
| F ST NA | |||||||
| Geography | 7.91 | 0.001 | 46.80 | ||||
| Elevation | 0.48 | 0.747 | 5.14 | Elevation | 0.43 | 0.871 | 2.76 |
| Climate PC1 | 0.61 | 0.661 | 6.40 | Climate PC1 | 0.27 | 0.961 | 1.79 |
| Climate PC2 | 6.02 | 0.005 | 40.12 | Climate PC2 | 0.70 | 0.665 | 4.33 |
| Climate PC3 | 1.84 | 0.144 | 17.05 | Climate PC3 | 2.13 | 0.073 | 11.22 |
Geography is tested after transforming the Euclidean geographical distance matrix to a continuous rectangular vector by principal coordinates analyses (PCoA). In marginal tests, we tested each predictor separately, while in conditional (partial) tests geography was always included as covariate. The proportion of the multivariate genetic variation explained (% var) by a given predictor or set of predictors is indicated. Predictors with P < 0.05 in bold