Table 2.
Outcomes from key clinical trials of combination immunotherapies (adapted from [97])
| Agents | Indication | Regimen or design | n | Overall response (CR and PR) | Survival | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ipilimumab and nivolumab | Advanced-stage untreated melanoma | Nivolumab or ipilimumab alone versus nivolumab plus ipilimumab | 945 | -44 % nivolumab -19 % ipilimumab -58 % ipilimumab plus nivolumab |
Median PFS: -2.9 months for ipilimumab* -6.9 months for nivolumab† -11.5 months for nivolumab plus ipilimumab*,† |
[98] |
| Ipilimumab and nivolumab | Advanced-stage melanoma | Concurrent or sequential combination with dose escalation | 53 | 42 % (concurrent combination) |
OS rate: -85 % 1-year -79 % 2-year |
[146] |
| Ipilimumab and nivolumab | Advanced-stage untreated melanoma | Ipilimumab alone versus Ipilimumab plus nivolumab | 142 | -11 % ipilimumab* -61 % ipilimumab plus nivolumab* |
Median PFS: -4.4 months for ipilimumab -Not reached for ipilimumab plus nivolumab |
[147] |
| Ipilimumab and GP100 vaccine | Previously treated advanced-stage melanoma | Ipilimumab or vaccine alone versus ipilimumab plus vaccine | 676 | -10.9 % ipilimumab alone* -1.5 % vaccine alone† -5.7 % ipilimumab with vaccine*,† |
Median OS: -10.1 months for ipilimumab alone -6.4 months for vaccine alone* -10.0 months for ipilimumab plus vaccine* |
[13] |
| Ipilimumab and dacarbazine | Advanced-stage untreated melanoma |
Dacarbazine alone versus Ipilimumab plus dacarbazine | 502 | -10.3 % dacarbazine alone -15.2 % ipilimumab with dacarbazine |
Median OS: -9.1 months for dacarbazine alone* -11.2 months for ipilimumab plus dacarbazine* |
[79] |
| Ipilimumab and radiotherapy | Post-docetaxel CRPC | Radiotherapy followed by placebo versus radiotherapy followed by ipilimumab |
799 | NA | Median OS: -10.0 months for radiotherapy followed by placebo -11.2 months for radiotherapy followed by ipilimumab |
[149] |
| Carboplatin plus paclitaxel with placebo or ipilimumab | NSCLC | Placebo control versus phased or concurrent schedule | 204 | -18 % chemotherapy control -32 % irBORR ipilimumab |
Median irPFS: -4.6 months chemotherapy control* -5.7 months for phased ipilimumab* |
[150] |
| Carboplatin plus paclitaxel with placebo or ipilimumab | ED-SCLC | Placebo control versus phased or concurrent schedule | 130 | -53 % chemotherapy control -71 % irBORR ipilimumab |
Median irPFS: -5.3 months chemotherapy control* -6.4 months for phased ipilimumab* |
[151] |
The difference between pairs of outcomes marked by either * or † reached statistical significance
CR, Complete response; CRPC, Castrate-resistant prostate cancer; ED-SCLC; Extensive-disease small cell lung cancer; irBORR, Immune-related best overall response rate; irPFS, Immune-related progression-free survival; NA, Not available or not presented; NSCLC, Non-small-cell lung cancer; OS, Overall survival; PR, Partial response