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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 2.
Published in final edited form as: Sci Transl Med. 2016 Mar 2;8(328):328rv4. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad7118

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Mechanisms of action of the PD-L1 and PD-1 pathway. Tumor cells, APCs, and other cells express high levels of PD-L1. Engagement of PD-L1+ cells with T cells may induce T-cell apoptosis, anergy, functional exhaustion, or IL-10 production.