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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 2.
Published in final edited form as: Sci Transl Med. 2016 Mar 2;8(328):328rv4. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad7118

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Scientific rationales of potential therapeutic combinations with PD pathway blockade. Multiple layers of immunosuppressive mechanisms, weak T cell activation, tumor intrinsic biological pathways contribute to cancer progression and therapy resistance. The different combinations with PD pathway blockade may yield a synergistic or additive clinical response.