Table 1.
Examples of clinical trials with PD-1 and PD-L1 blockade
| Target and drug information | Clinical response rate in different cancer types | Phase | Cases | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Target: PD-1 Name: Nivolumab,Opdivo, BMS-936558, MDX-1106, ONO-4538 Isotype: Humanized IgG4a Source: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Ono Pharmaceuticals |
12.8% in treatment-refractory metastatic melanoma, castrate-resistant prostate cancer, RCC, NSCLC, or CRC | I | 39 | (50) |
| 28% in advanced melanoma, 18% in NSCLC, 27% in RCC | I | 296 | (51) | |
| 40% in melanoma treated with nivolumab + ipilimumab, 20% in nivolumab followed by ipilimumab | I | 86 | (58) | |
| 87% in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma | I | 23 | (56) | |
| 14.5% in refractory NSCLC | II | 117 | (70) | |
| 31.7% in advanced melanoma progressed after anti-CTLA-4 | III | 405 | (65) | |
| 40% in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation | III | 418 | (64) | |
| 17% in previously treated advanced NSCLC | II | 129 | (69) | |
| 29% in previously treated advanced RCC | I | 34 | (71) | |
| 20% in advanced squamous-cell NSCLC | III | 272 | (68) | |
| 57.6% (nivolumab + ipilimumab) vs 19% (ipilimumab) vs 43.7% (nivolumab) in untreated stage III or IV melanoma | III | 945 | (63) | |
|
Target: PD-1 Name: Pembrolizumab, Keytruda, MK-3475, lambrolizumab Isotype: Humanized IgG4 kappa Source: Merck |
38% in melanoma | I | 135 | (57) |
| 26% in Ipilimumab-refractory advanced melanoma | I | 173 | (61) | |
| 63% versus 0% in stage IV NSCLC patients with high and low nonsynonymous mutation burden | I | 29 | (67) | |
| 19.4% in advanced NSCLC | I | 495 | (66) | |
| 40% and 0% in mismatch repair-deficient/proficient CRC | II | 41 | (53) | |
| 33% (pembrolizumab) and 11.9% (ipilimumab) in advanced melanoma | III | 834 | (62) | |
|
Target: PD-1 Name: Pidilizumab or CT-011 Isotype: Humanized IgG1 Source: CureTech Ltd |
51% in diffuse large B-cell Lymphoma (after HSCT) | II | 66 | (54) |
| 66% in relapsed follicular lymphoma | II | 32 | (55) | |
|
Target: PD-L1 Name: MPDL3280A, RG7446 Isotype: Fc-modified human IgG1b Source: Genentech/Roche |
21% overall response rate in advanced incurable cancer NSCLC,SCLC, melanoma, RCC, CRC, gastric cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, breast cancer, ovarian, pancreatic cancer, uterine cancer, sarcoma, pancreatoduodenal cancer | I | 277 | (49) |
| 52% in metastatic bladder cancer | I | 68 | (47) | |
|
Target: PD-L1 Name: BMS-936559, MDX-1105 Isotype: Fully human IgG4a Source: Bristol-Myers Squibb |
17.3% in melanoma; 11.7% in RCC; 10.2% in NSCLC; 5.9% in ovarian cancer | I | 207 | (48) |
Note: Clinical trials with less than 20 cases or published after October 1, 2015 were not included in the table. Abbreviations: RCC, renal cell carcinoma; NSCLC, non-small-cell lung cancer; CRC, colorectal cancer, HSC, Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation