. 2016 May 6;17:49. doi: 10.1186/s10194-016-0631-z

Table 1.

The effect of VPA on the oxidative stress response in NTG-induced migraine rats (mean ± SD)

Indicators	Group
	Control	VPAH	NTG	NTG-VPAL	NTG-VPAH
MDA (nmol/mg protein)	10.8 ± 1.9	8.5 ± 2.8	25.3 ± 6.7^,*	21.8 ± 4.2^,*	13.5 ± 3.5*^,**
GSH (nmol/mg protein)	8.9 ± 1.2	8.4 ± 1.9	5.2 ± 0.9^,*	6.2 ± 1.5*	8.2 ± 1.5***
GSH-x (U/g protein)	17.8 ± 0.6	16.3 ± 3.4	7.8 ± 2.0^,*	10.8 ± 3.0^,*	15.1 ± 2.1*^,**
Vitamin A (μmol/g brain)	3.3 ± 0.7	3.2 ± 0.5	1.6 ± 0.3^,*	2.1 ± 0.3^,*	2.9 ± 0.4*^,**
Vitamin C (μmol/g brain)	71.0 ± 16.6	69.2 ± 11.7	33.8 ± 8.0^,*	44.0 ± 6.6^,*	62.5 ± 9.6***
Vitamin E (μmol/g brain)	11.0 ± 1.5	11.8 ± 2.0	5.8 ± 1.5^,*	7.4 ± 1.1^,*	9.0 ± 1.6***

“*”, significantly different from the control group, P < 0.05; “**”, significantly different from the VPAH group, P < 0.05; “***”, significantly different from the NTG group, P < 0.05; “****”, significantly different from the NTG-VPAL group, P < 0.05