Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of IE Patients in the International Collaboration on Endocarditis–Prospective Cohort Study Cohort
| Variable | Overall n=4049 | Alive n=3077 | Died (6 Months) n=971 | OR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y (range) | 59 (45–72) | 57 (42–69) | 68 (53–76) | – | <0.001 |
| Male | 2752 (68.1) | 2134 (69.4) | 617 (63.7) | 0.77 (0.66–0.90) | <0.001 |
| First clinical manifestation ≥1 month | 890 (22.9) | 764 (25.8) | 126 (13.6) | 0.45 (0.37–0.56) | <0.001 |
| Prosthetic valve IE | 967 (23.9) | 676 (22.0) | 291 (30.0) | 1.52 (1.29–1.79) | <0.001 |
| Transfer from other hospital | 1780 (44.4) | 1379 (45.3) | 401 (41.7) | 0.86 (0.74–1.00) | 0.049 |
| Hospital acquired | 576 (14.3) | 340 (11.1) | 236 (24.5) | 2.66 (2.15–3.14) | <0.001 |
| Previous IE | 342 (8.5) | 267 (8.7) | 75 (7.8) | 0.88 (0.67–1.16) | 0.39 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 689 (17.3) | 437 (14.4) | 252 (26.5) | 2.14 (1.78–2.56) | <0.001 |
| Moderate or severe renal disease | 357 (19.2) | 188 (13.8) | 169 (34.2) | 3.24 (2.53–4.16) | <0.001 |
| Hemodialysis dependent | 297 (7.5) | 157 (5.2) | 140 (14.6) | 3.14 (2.45–4.02) | <0.001 |
| HIV | 85 (2.1) | 63 (2.1) | 22 (2.3) | 1.12 (0.65–1.85) | 0.70 |
| Injection drug use | 414 (10.4) | 354 (11.6) | 60 (6.3) | 0.52 (0.38–0.69) | <0.001 |
| New moderate or severe aortic or mitral regurgitation | 2387 (59.4) | 1804 (59.1) | 583 (60.6) | 1.07 (0.92–1.24) | 0.41 |
| Aortic valve vegetation | 1644 (41.1) | 1250 (41.1) | 394 (41.3) | 1.01 (0.87–1.17) | 0.94 |
| Mitral valve vegetation | 1763 (44.2) | 1277 (42.0) | 486 (51.1) | 1.44 (1.24–1.67) | <0.001 |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 1218 (30.1) | 808 (26.3) | 409 (42.1) | 2.04 (1.75–2.38) | <0.001 |
| Coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus | 379 (9.4) | 272 (8.8) | 107 (11) | 1.28 (1 .00–1.62) | 0.043 |
| Viridans group streptococcus | 699 (17.3) | 617 (20.1) | 82 (8.4) | 0.37 (0.28–0.47) | <0.001 |
| New or worsening heart failure | 1316 (33.2) | 833 (27.5) | 483 (51.5) | 2.88 (2.40–3.26) | <0.001 |
| NYHA class 3 or 4 | 878 (23.3) | 516 (17.8) | 362 (41.9) | 3.34 (2.82–3.95) | <0.001 |
| Paravalvular complication | 974 (24.4) | 688 (22.6) | 286 (30.0) | 1.47 (1.24–1.73) | <0.001 |
| Intracardiac abscess | 634 (16.0) | 411 (13.6) | 223 (23.8) | 1.99 (1.65–2.40) | <0.001 |
| Persistent bacteremia | 370 (9.3) | 208 (6.9) | 162 (17.2) | 2.81 (2.24–3.52) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 776 (19.5) | 467 (15.44) | 309 (32.7) | 2.67 (2.25–3.17) | <0.001 |
| Embolization | 1001 (25.3) | 741 (24.55) | 260 (27.8) | 1.18 (1.00–1.40) | 0.048 |
| Surgery this IE episode | 1949 (48.4) | 1574 (51.4) | 375 (38.9) | 0.66 (0.52–0.70) | <0.001 |
HIV indicates human immunodeficiency virus; IE, infective endocarditis; NYHA, New York Heart Association; OR, odds ratio.