Table 2.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of IE Patients in the International Collaboration on Endocarditis–PLUS Cohort
| Variable | Overall n=1197 | Alive n=849 | Died (6 Months) n=342 | OR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 62 (46–73) | 59 (44–71) | 68 (54–76) | – | <0.001 |
| Male | 815 (68.3) | 602 (71.1) | 209 (61.3) | 0.64 (0.49–0.85) | 0.001 |
| First clinical manifestation ≥1 month | 396 (33.6) | 300 (35.8) | 95 (28.4) | 0.71 (0.53–0.94) | 0.017 |
| Prosthetic valve IE | 348 (29.1) | 226 (26.6) | 120 (35.1) | 1.49 (1.13–1.97) | 0.005 |
| Transfer from other hospital | 591 (49.7) | 427 (50.5) | 162 (48.1) | 0.91 (0.70–1.18) | 0.479 |
| Hospital acquired | 193 (16.3) | 101 (12.1) | 91 (26.6) | 2.65 (1.90–3.68) | <0.001 |
| Previous endocarditis | 111 (9.4) | 83 (9.9) | 28 (8.3) | 0.83 (0.51–1.32) | 0.442 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 236 (20.0) | 136 (16.2) | 98 (29.1) | 2.12 (1.55–2.88) | <0.001 |
| Moderate or severe renal disease | 147 (12.5) | 70 (8.3) | 76 (22.9) | 3.27 (2.25–4.73) | <0.001 |
| Hemodialysis dependent | 62 (5.2) | 31 (3.7) | 31 (9.1) | 2.63 (1.52–4.55) | <0.001 |
| HIV | 23 (2.0) | 18 (2.2) | 4 (1.2) | 0.56 (0.14–1.72) | 0.348 |
| Injection drug use | 74 (6.3) | 57 (6.8) | 15 (4.5) | 0.65 (0.34–1.18) | 0.177 |
| New moderate or severe aortic or mitral regurgitation | 675 (58.6) | 485 (59.1) | 187 (57.2) | 0.93 (0.71–1.21) | 0.596 |
| Aortic valve vegetation | 504 (42.6) | 344 (40.9) | 157 (46.7) | 1.27 (0.97–1.65) | 0.078 |
| Mitral valve vegetation | 555 (46.8) | 383 (45.4) | 172 (51.0) | 1.27 (0.97–1.65) | 0.140 |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 279 (23.3) | 167 (19.7) | 110 (32.2) | 1.94 (1.44–2.59) | <0.001 |
| Coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus | 102 (8.5) | 65 (7.7) | 36 (10.5) | 1.42 (0.90–2.21) | 0.109 |
| Viridans group streptococcus | 189 (15.8) | 152 (17.9) | 36 (10.5) | 0.54 (0.36–0.80) | 0.002 |
| New or worsening heart failure | 456 (38.9) | 289 (34.4) | 165 (50.3) | 1.93 (1.47–2.52) | <0.001 |
| NYHA Class 3 or 4 | 72 (6.2) | 38 (4.6) | 34 (10.3) | 2.39 (1.43–3.98) | <0.001 |
| Paravalvular complication | 410 (34.7) | 282 (33.5) | 126 (37.4) | 1.18 (0.90–1.55) | 0.223 |
| Intracardiac abscess | 380 (32.1) | 252 (30.1) | 126 (37.2) | 1.38 (1.04–1.81) | 0.019 |
| Persistent bacteremia | 141 (12.7) | 78 (9.7) | 63 (21.0) | 2.49 (1.70–3.63) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 260 (22.2) | 152 (18.1) | 106 (32.5) | 2.18 (1.61–2.94) | <0.001 |
| Embolization | 400 (33.8) | 295 (34.8) | 102 (30.7) | 0.83 (0.62–1.10) | 0.193 |
| Surgery for this IE episode | 647 (54.6) | 499 (59.5) | 146 (42.9) | 0.51 (0.39–0.67) | <0.001 |
HIV indicates human immunodeficiency virus; IE, infective endocarditis; NYHA, New York Heart Association; OR, odds ratio.