Table 2.
Study Sample Characteristics Among Framingham Heart Study Offspring Participants by Internet, Cell Phone, or Smartphone Usage
| Internet (n=1947) | No Internet (n=620) | P Value | Cell Phone (n=2164) | No Cell Phone (n=392) | P Value | Smartphone (n=909) | No Smartphone (n=1128) | P Valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 71.5 (7.7) | 79.6 (7.8) | <0.0001 | 72.4 (8.0) | 78.9 (8.3) | <0.0001 | 69.1 (7.0) | 74.7 (7.9) | <0.0001 |
| Age groups, y | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| 45 to 54 | 24 (1.2) | 4 (0.6) | 25 (1.2) | 3 (0.8) | 18 (2.0) | 7 (0.6) | |||
| 55 to 64 | 330 (16.9) | 17 (2.7) | 334 (15.4) | 14 (3.6) | 224 (24.6) | 97 (8.6) | |||
| 65 to 74 | 1013 (52.0) | 150 (24.2.) | 1041 (48.1) | 117 (29.8) | 498 (54.7) | 495 (43.9) | |||
| 75 to 84 | 489 (25.1) | 282 (45.5) | 617 (28.5) | 150 (38.3) | 158 (17.4) | 405 (35.9) | |||
| ≥85 | 91 (4.7) | 167 (26.9) | 148 (6.8) | 108 (27.6) | 12 (1.3) | 124 (11.0) | |||
| Women (%) | 858 (44.1) | 251 (40.5) | 0.09 | 944 (43.6) | 165 (42.1) | 0.95 | 419 (46.0) | 471 (41.8) | 0.03 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
| White | 1946 (100) | 620 (100) | NA | 2165 (100) | 392 (100) | 909 (100) | 1128 (100) | NA | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.4 (5.3) | 28.6 (5.5) | 0.03 | 28.4 (5.3) | 28.9 (5.9) | 0.01 | 28.5 (5.1) | 28.3 (5.4) | 0.98 |
| Smoking (%) | 112 (6.9) | 46 (9.7) | <0.0001 | 131 (7.4) | 27 (8.8) | 0.005 | 43 (5.8) | 79 (8.6) | <0.0001 |
| Currently employed (%) | 574 (35.6) | 66 (13.9) | 0.01 | 602 (34.0) | 39 (12.7) | 0.34 | 362 (48.5) | 213 (23.1) | <0.0001 |
| Education | |||||||||
| Less than high school (%) | 18 (1.0) | 50 (8.7) | <0.0001 | 40 (2.0) | 28 (7.8) | <0.0001 | 5 (0.6) | 30 (2.9) | <0.0001 |
| High school (%) | 369 (20.6) | 260 (45.1) | 495 (24.8) | 131 (36.4) | 120 (14.3) | 335 (32.2) | |||
| Some college (%) | 540 (30.1) | 169 (29.3) | 594 (29.7) | 108 (30.0) | 237 (28.1) | 317 (30.5) | |||
| College and higher (%) | 867 (48.5) | 97 (16.8) | 871 (43.6) | 93 (25.8) | 480 (57.0) | 357 (34.4) | |||
| Hypertension (%) | 958 (59.4) | 371 (78.4) | 0.001 | 1093 (61.8) | 228 (74.5) | 0.43 | 399 (53.4) | 627 (68.2) | 0.01 |
| Hyperlipidemia (%) | 1224 (76.3) | 349 (75.2) | 0.11 | 1341 (76.4) | 227 (74.7) | 0.32 | 557 (75.1) | 704 (77.52) | 0.95 |
| Diabetes (%) | 354 (22.2) | 140 (30.6) | 0.004 | 400 (23.0) | 93 (31.1) | 0.02 | 159 (21.5) | 214 (23.8) | 0.67 |
| CVD (%) | 289 (14.8) | 178 (28.7) | 0.001 | 362 (16.7) | 105 (26.8) | 0.12 | 111 (12.2) | 218 (19.3) | 0.23 |
| Atrial fibrillation (%) | 192 (9.9) | 91 (14.7) | 0.86 | 221 (10.2) | 60 (15.3) | 0.8 | 70 (7.7) | 132 (11.7) | 0.41 |
BMI indicates body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease.
a
P value is adjusted by age and sex.