Table 3.
Study Sample Characteristics Among Framingham Heart Study Third Generation Participants by Internet, Cell Phone, or Smartphone Usage
| Internet (n=3216) | No Internet (n=96) | P Value | Cell Phone (n=3225) | No Cell Phone (n=80) | P Value | Smartphone (n=2606) | No Smartphone (n=585) | P Valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 51.4 (8.9) | 59.6 (7.7) | <0.0001 | 51.4 (8.9) | 59.0 (7.6) | <0.0001 | 50.3 (8.6) | 56.2 (8.7) | <0.0001 |
| Age groups, y | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| 20 to 34 | 148 (4.5) | — | 148 (4.6) | — | 136 (5.2) | 12 (2.1) | |||
| 35 to 44 | 609 (18.9) | 2 (2.1) | 606 (18.8) | 3 (3.8) | 564 (21.6) | 41 (7.0) | |||
| 45 to 54 | 1275 (39.6) | 25 (26.0) | 1278 (39.6) | 18 (22.5) | 1067 (40.9) | 197 (33.7) | |||
| 55 to 64 | 1007 (31.3) | 52 (54.2) | 1018 (31.6) | 40 (50.0) | 754 (28.69) | 250 (42.7) | |||
| 65 to 74 | 174 (5.4) | 14 (14.6) | 169 (5.2) | 19 (23.8) | 82 (3.1) | 82 (14.0) | |||
| 75 to 84 | 3 (0.1) | 3 (3.1) | 6 (0.2) | — | 3 (0.1) | 3 (0.5) | |||
| Women (%) | 1439 (44.7) | 56 (58.3) | 0.02 | 1447 (44.9) | 45 (56.3) | 0.06 | 1157 (44.4) | 276 (47.2) | 0.25 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
| White | 3162 (98.4) | 93 (96.9) | 0.18 | 3172 (98.4) | 76 (95.0) | 0.01 | 2565 (98.5) | 573 (97.9) | 0.26 |
| Black | 3 (0.1) | — | 3 (0.1) | — | 2 (0.1) | 1 (0.2) | |||
| Asian | 1 (0.01) | — | 1 (0.009) | — | 1 (0.005) | — | |||
| Others | 48 (1.5) | 3 (3.1) | 47 (1.5) | 4 (5.0) | 36 (1.4) | 11 (1.9) | |||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.8 (5.8) | 28.6 (5.5) | 0.03 | 27.8 (5.7) | 28.7 (7.3) | 0.48 | 27.6 (5.6) | 28.7 (6.4) | 0.02 |
| Smoking (%) | 274 (9.6) | 46 (9.7) | <0.0001 | 289 (10.1) | 13 (13.8) | 0.02 | 220 (9.6) | 64 (12.3) | 0.015 |
| Currently employed (%) | 2456 (86.2) | 56 (69.1) | 0.0009 | 2461 (86.3) | 49 (69.0) | 0.019 | 2027 (88.2) | 404 (77.4) | <0.0001 |
| Education | |||||||||
| Less than high school (%) | 13 (0.4) | 4 (4.2) | <0.0001 | 17 (0.5) | — | 0.06 | 11 (0.4) | 6 (1.0) | <0.0001 |
| High school (%) | 389 (12.1) | 52 (54.7) | 420 (13.1) | 19 (24.4) | 269 (10.4) | 143 (24.5) | |||
| Some college (%) | 1002 (31.3) | 32 (33.7) | 1001 (31.1) | 29 (37.2) | 787 (30.3) | 203 (34.8) | |||
| College and higher (%) | 1802 (56.2) | 7 (7.4) | 1778 (55.3) | 30 (38.5) | 1532 (58.9) | 231 (39.6) | |||
| Hypertension (%) | 605 (21.3) | 35 (43.2) | 0.32 | 609 (21.4) | 28 (39.4) | 0.83 | 425 (18.5) | 169 (32.4) | 0.02 |
| Hyperlipidemia (%) | 1262 (44.3) | 48 (59.3) | 0.9 | 1268 (44.5) | 38 (54.3) | 0.22 | 990 (43.1) | 257 (49.2) | 0.17 |
| Diabetes (%) | 272 (9.7) | 18 (23.1) | 0.39 | 272 (9.7) | 18 (26.5) | 0.09 | 194 (8.6) | 75 (14.6) | 0.32 |
| CVD (%) | 109 (3.4) | 9 (9.4) | 0.19 | 109 (3.4) | 6 (7.5) | 0.76 | 73 (2.8) | 33 (5.6) | 0.34 |
| Atrial fibrillation (%) | 48 (1.5) | 2 (2.1) | 0.32 | 47 (1.5) | 3 (3.8) | 0.92 | 28 (1.1) | 17 (2.9) | 0.06 |
BMI indicates body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease.
a
P value is adjusted for age and sex.