Table 2.

Cross‐Sectional Associations of Gal‐3 With Continuous Cardiometabolic Traits

Cardiometabolic Trait	Age and Sex Adjusted (β Estimate±SE)	P Value	Multivariable Adjusted (β Estimate±SE)	P Value
Body mass index, kg/m2	0.79±0.10	<0.0001	0.47±0.10	<0.0001
Waist circumference, cm	2.18±0.26	<0.0001	1.32±0.25	<0.0001
Triglycerides (log‐transformed)	0.10±0.01	<0.0001	0.07±0.01	<0.0001
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	−2.16±0.29	<0.0001	−0.49±0.26	0.06
Fasting glucose, mg/dL	0.96±0.50	0.05	−1.09±0.49	0.03
HOMA‐IR (log‐transformed)	0.12±0.02	<0.0001	0.04±0.02	0.03
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg	1.57±0.38	<0.0001	0.51±0.38	0.18
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg	1.03±0.21	<0.0001	0.38±0.21	0.07

Regression coefficients represent the mean change associated with a 1‐SD higher log‐transformed Gal‐3 (0.27 unit), which is equivalent to an increase in Gal‐3 from 13.87 ng/mL (the sample mean) to 18.17 ng/mL. Multivariable model adjusts for age, sex, systolic blood pressure (except for systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure), antihypertensive treatment status (except for systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure), body mass index (except for body mass index and waist circumference), diabetes status (except for fasting glucose and HOMA‐IR), current smoking, physical activity, and log‐transformed triglycerides (except for triglycerides). Gal‐3 indicates galectin‐3; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; HOMA‐IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment‐Insulin Resistance.