Table 2.
Means of Each Lifestyle Factor for Participants Who Maintained the Same, Improved, or Deteriorated in That Lifestyle Factor
| Sustained Healtha | Deteriorated Healthya | Improved Unhealthya | Sustained Unhealthya | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N≥1282 | N≥126 | N≥74 | N≥549 | |
| Body mass index | <30 kg/m2 at both waves | <30 kg/m2 at baseline and ≥30 kg/m2 at 5‐year follow‐up | ≥30 kg/m2 at baseline and <30 kg/m2 at 5‐year follow‐up | ≥30 kg/m2 at both waves |
| N (%) | 4318 (82) | 321 (6) | 74 (1) | 549 (10) |
| Mean (SD) at baseline | 24.5 (2.5) kg/m2 | 28.6 (1.1) kg/m2 | 31.0 (0.9) kg/m2 | 33.1 (3.0) kg/m2 |
| Mean (SD) at 5‐year follow‐up | 25.2 (2.6) kg/m2 | 31.3 (1.2) kg/m2 | 28.6 (1.3) kg/m2 | 34.1 (3.2) kg/m2 |
| Smoking | Not smoking at both waves | Not smoking at baseline and smoking at 5‐year follow‐up | Smoking at baseline and not smoking at 5‐year follow‐up | Smoking at both waves |
| N (%) | 3533 (67) | 126 (2) | 297 (6) | 1306 (25) |
| Mediterranean diet score | ≥5 at both waves | ≥5 at baseline and <5 at 5‐year follow‐up | <5 at baseline and ≥5 at 5‐year follow‐up | <5 at both waves |
| N (%) | 1218 (23) | 768 (15) | 999 (19) | 2278 (43) |
| Mean (SD) at baseline | 5.7 (0.8) | 5.4 (0.7) | 3.4 (0.9) | 2.9 (1.0) |
| Mean (SD) at 5‐year follow‐up | 5.7 (1.0) | 3.5 (1.0) | 5.3 (0.9) | 3.0 (1.1) |
| Physical activity | ≥3.5 h/week at both waves | ≥3.5 h/week at baseline and <3.5 h/week at 5‐year follow‐up | <3.5 h/week at baseline and ≥3.5 h/week at 5‐year follow‐up | <3.5 h/week at both waves |
| N (%) | 1910 (36) | 1073 (20) | 864 (16) | 1416 (27) |
| Mean (SD) at baseline | 12.0 (13.2) h/week | 10.0 (11.3) h/week | 1.8 (1.1) h/week | 1.4 (1.1) h/week |
| Mean (SD) at 5‐year follow‐up | 11.6 (12.5) h/week | 1.6 (1.2) h/week | 8.9 (9.6) h/week | 1.4 (1.1) h/week |
| Alcohol consumption | At both waves moderately | Moderately at baseline and not moderately at 5‐year follow‐up | Not moderately at baseline and moderately at 5‐year follow‐up | Not moderately at both waves |
| N (%) | 1282 (24) | 623 (12) | 768 (14) | 2634 (50) |
| Median (IQR) at baseline | 0.7 (0.6–1.1) glasses/day | 0.8 (0.4–1.0) glasses/day | 0.0 (0.0–2.1) glasses/day | 0.0 (0.0–2.3) glasses/day |
| Median (IQR) at 5‐year follow‐up | 0.9 (0.6–1.1) glasses/day | 1.1 (0.0–2.1) glasses/day | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) glasses/day | 0.0 (0.0–2.3) glasses/day |
IQR indicates interquartile range.
a
The number of participants in each category differs per lifestyle factor.