Table 4.
HRs and 95% CIs for the Associations Between the Healthy Lifestyle Factor Change Scores and Cardiovascular Disease and All‐Cause Mortality
| HR and 95% CI of Fatal and Nonfatal Cardiovascular Disease | HR and 95% CI of All‐Cause Mortality | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Improved | Deteriorated | Improved | Deteriorated | |
| HLF change scorea | ||||
| Model 1b | 0.95 (0.80–1.14) | 1.35 (1.12–1.63) | 0.96 (0.76–1.21) | 1.37 (1.10–1.70) |
| Model 2c | 0.96 (0.81–1.15) | 1.31 (1.08–1.58) | 0.98 (0.77–1.24) | 1.36 (1.09–1.69) |
| Weighted HLF change scored | ||||
| Model 1b | 0.88 (0.70–1.10) | 1.27 (1.05–1.54) | 0.94 (0.74–1.20) | 1.41 (1.13–1.76) |
| Model 2c | 0.88 (0.70–1.10) | 1.22 (1.00–1.48) | 0.96 (0.75–1.23) | 1.40 (1.12–1.76) |
CI indicates confidence interval; HLF, healthy lifestyle factor; HR, hazard ratio.
Change in risk for each healthy lifestyle factor gained (improved) or lost (deteriorated) over a 5‐year period.
Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age, sex, educational level, occupation, and the number healthy lifestyle factors at baseline.
Analyses additionally adjusted for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes.
Change in risk for each point gained (improved) or lost (deteriorated) in aggregate weighted healthy lifestyle score between baseline and the 5‐year follow‐up wave. This score was based on the strength of associations between each individual lifestyle factor and outcomes.