Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Cardiovascular Health Study Participants by Consumption of Caffeinated Products
| <1 Serving Per Day (n=548) | ≥1 Servings Per Day (n=840) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Mean age±SD, y | 72.2±5.1 | 71.7±4.8 | 0.08 |
| Male, n (%) | 274 (50.0) | 371 (44.2) | 0.03 |
| Race, n (%) | 0.21 | ||
| White | 517 (94.3) | 800 (95.2) | |
| Black | 29 (5.3) | 34 (4.1) | |
| Other | 2 (0.4) | 6 (0.71) | |
| Income, n (%) | 0.90 | ||
| <$12 000 | 103 (20.0) | 161 (20.0) | |
| $12 000 to $34 999 | 278 (53.9) | 442 (54.9) | |
| ≥$35 000 | 135 (26.2) | 202 (25.1) | |
| Education, n (%) | 0.49 | ||
| High school or less | 300 (54.8) | 448 (53.3) | |
| Vocational school | 50 (9.1) | 76 (9.1) | |
| Some college | 74 (13.5) | 143 (17.0) | |
| 4 years of college | 62 (11.3) | 91 (10.8) | |
| Postgraduate | 61 (11.2) | 82 (9.8) | |
| Mean BMI+SD, kg/m2 | 26.8±4.2 | 26.6±4.2 | 0.36 |
| Habits | |||
| Mean caloric intake ±SD, kcal | 1771.0±636.5 | 1885.8±676.6 | >0.99 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 0.12 | ||
| Never smoker | 262 (47.8) | 367 (43.7) | |
| Past smoker | 245 (44.7) | 385 (45.9) | |
| Current smoker | 41 (7.5) | 87 (10.4) | |
| Median number of alcoholic drinks per week (IQR) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–2) | <0.01 |
| Medical history | |||
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 82 (15.0) | 129 (15.4) | 0.83 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 304 (55.5) | 456 (54.4) | 0.70 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 118 (21.5) | 161 (19.2) | 0.28 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 6 (1.1) | 13 (1.6) | 0.50 |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 18 (3.3) | 25 (3.0) | 0.75 |
| Medications | |||
| β‐Blocker, n (%) | 80 (14.6) | 115 (13.7) | 0.63 |
| Calcium channel blocker, n (%) | 55 (10.1) | 95 (11.3) | 0.46 |
| Digoxin, n (%) | 39 (7.1) | 50 (6.0) | 0.38 |
| Class I antiarrhythmic, n (%) | 22 (4.0) | 27 (3.2) | 0.43 |
| Class III antiarrhythmic, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.2) | 0.25 |
Values are reported as mean±SD, median (IQR), or number (percentage). BMI indicates body mass index; IQR, interquartile range.