Table 1.
Data for Primary Analysisa
| Study (Reference) | LVEF, % | N | Age, y (mean±SD) | Indication for Catheterization | Echo and Catheterization Timing | Correlation to LVFP | 2×2 to Predict LVFP | 2×2 to Predict DD/HFpEF (Composite Reference Test)b | Patient Comorbidities, % | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HF | CAD | HTN | DM | |||||||||
| Ommen et al (2000)15 | >50 | 64 | — | Clinically indicated | Simultaneous | L, S, M (LVMDP) | S (LVMDP, from graph) | — | — | — | — | — |
| Gonzalez‐Vilchez et al (2002)16 | >50 | 32 | 66±13 | Clinically indicated | Sequential | L (PCWP) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Rivas‐Gotz et al (2003)18 | ≥55 | 55 | 64±2 | ICU or cath lab | Simultaneous | L, S, M (PCWP) | L, S (PCWP, from graph) | — | — | — | — | — |
| Dokanish et al (2004)19 | ≥50 | 19 | 57±13 | ICU or CCU | Simultaneous | — | M (PCWP, from graph) | — | — | — | 58 | 21 |
| Mansencal et al (2004)20 | >50 | 20 | 66±10 | Chest pain/CAD | ≤1 h | L (Pre‐A) | L (Pre‐A, from graph) | — | 5 | 100 | 5 | — |
| Hadano et al (2005)23 | >50 | 65 | 66±9 | Clinically indicated | ≤3 h | L (LVEDP, PCWP) | L (PCWP, from graph) | — | — | 28 | — | — |
| Kidawa et al (2005)24 | >50 | 50 | — | Coronary angiography | Simultaneous | L, S (LVEDP) | L (LVEDP, from graph) | — | — | — | — | — |
| Kasner et al (2007)26 | >50 | 55 | — | 43 exercise dyspnea/12 chest pain | 3 to 5 h | L (LVEDP) | — | — | 78 | 0 | 62 | 9 |
| Wang et al (2007)29 | >50 | 20 | — | ICU or cath lab | Simultaneous | M (PCWP) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Dokanish et al (2008)30 | >50 | 32 | — | Dyspnea | Sequential | M (Pre‐A) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Rudko et al (2008)32 | >50 | 39 | 64±5 | Clinically indicated | Simultaneous | S (LVMDP) | S (LVMDP, from graph) | — | 23 | 77 | 51 | — |
| Dini et al (2010)33 | >50 | 55 | 71±12 | LV dysfunction | ≤1 h | — | M (Pre‐A, from text) | — | 100c | — | — | — |
| Dokanish et al (2010)34 | ≥50 | 122 | 55±9 | Coronary angiography | Sequential | M (Pre‐A) | — | — | — | 65 | 88 | 55 |
| Dokanish et al (2010)35 | ≥50 | 122 | 55±9 | Coronary angiography | Sequential | M (LVEDP) | M (LVEDP, from graph) | — | — | 65 | 88 | 43 |
| Kasner et al (2010)37 | >50 | 33 | — | 21 exercise dyspnea/12 chest pain | Simultaneous | L (LVEDP) | — | — | 64 | 0 | 61 | 9 |
| Penicka et al (2010)38 | >50 | 30 | 67±9 | Chronic NYHA II/III dyspnea | Simultaneous | — | — | L, S, M (LVEDP, from text) | 67 | 0 | 70 | 27 |
| Bhella et al (2011)39 | >50 | 11 | 73±7 | Clinical research, HFpEF | Simultaneous | M (PCWP) | M (PCWP, from graph) | — | 100 | 0 | 100 | 55 |
| Hsiao et al (2011)40 | >50 | 100 | 69±13 | Coronary angiography | Sequential | L, S, M (Pre‐A) | — | — | — | 100 | 72 | 47 |
| Maeder et al (2011)42 | >50 | 36 | 56±17 | 11 PAH/15 HF/10 healthy volunteers and atypical patients | Sequential | L, S, M (PCWP) | — | — | 42 | — | — | — |
| Özer et al (2011)43 | >50 | 45 | 62±10 | Coronary angiography | ≤24 h | L, S, M (LVEDP) | L, S, M (LVEDP, from text) | — | — | 100 | 64 | 42 |
| Previtali et al (2012)46 | ≥55 | 57 | — | Clinically indicated | ≤1 h | L, S, M (LVEDP, Pre‐A) | L (LVEDP, from graph) | — | 0 | — | — | — |
| Manouras et al (2013)48 | ≥55 | 38 | — | Coronary angiography | Simultaneous | L, S, M (LVEDP, Pre‐A) | M (Pre‐A, from graph) | — | — | 0 | — | — |
| Hajahmadi Poorrafsanjani et al (2014)50 | ≥50 | 76 | — | Coronary angiography/mild valve disease | Next day | L (LVEDP) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Tatsumi et al (2014)51 | ≥50 | 22 | 65±18 | Clinically indicated | Not reported | S (PCWP) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Empty cells are the result of no available data. 2×2 indicates set of true‐positive, false‐positive, false‐negative, and true‐negative values for recommended by American Society of Echocardiography E/è cutoffs; CAD, coronary artery disease; cath lab, catheterization laboratory; CCU, critical care unit; DD, diastolic dysfunction; DM, diabetes mellitus; HF, heart failure (clinical diagnosis); HTN, hypertension; ICU, intensive care unit; L, S, and M, lateral, septal, and mean E/è; LVEDP, left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVFP, left ventricular filling pressure; LVMDP, left ventricular mean diastolic pressure; N, number of patients; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; pEF, preserved ejection fraction; Pre‐A, left ventricular pre–A wave diastolic pressure.
For primary analysis, the studies were included if the participants had preserved LVEF cohort defined as ≥50% and provided corresponding echocardiographic E/è and invasive LVFP measurements at rest. Further, data were available such that a 2×2 table of true‐positive, false‐positive, false‐negative, and true‐negative values could be created for statistical analysis.
Clinical DD/HFpEF was described in the study based on composite of clinical signs and symptoms of HF with invasive parameters of DD with preserved LVEF.
Patient group included HF stages B, C, and D.