Table 1.
Demographics of Digoxin vs No Dgoxin Groups
| Patient Characteristics | Digoxin (N=102) | No Digoxin (N=228) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) or Median (IQR) | N (%) or Median (IQR) | ||
| Sex, male | 66 (64.7) | 145 (63.6) | 0.85 |
| Race | |||
| White | 82 (80.4) | 175 (76.8) | 0.46 |
| Nonwhite | 20 (19.6) | 53 (23.2) | |
| Hispanic | 23 (22.5) | 46 (20.4) | 0.67 |
| Birthweight, kg | 3.07 (2.80–3.45) | 3.20 (2.78–3.50) | 0.51 |
| Gestational age, weeks | 39 (38–39) | 38 (38–39) | 0.58 |
| Aortic atresia at screening | 64 (62.7) | 148 (64.9) | 0.70 |
| Age at Norwood, days | 6 (4–8) | 6 (4–8) | 0.59 |
| Norwood perfusion type | |||
| DHCA only | 57 (56.4) | 131 (58.0) | |
| RCP only or RCP/DHCA time ≤10 min | 25 (24.8) | 51 (22.5%) | 0.91 |
| DHCA and RCP time >10 min | 19 (18.8) | 44 (19.5) | |
| Number of complications post‐Norwood | 2.0 (1.0–4.0) | 2.0 (1.0–5.0) | 0.85 |
| Syndrome or genetic anomaly | 26 (31.3) | 52 (30.8) | 0.93 |
| Shunt type at end of Norwood | |||
| MBTS | 44 (43.1) | 102 (44.7) | 0.79 |
| RVPAS | 58 (56.9) | 126 (55.3) | |
| Not on oral feeds at Norwood discharge | 21 (20.6) | 53 (23.3) | 0.58 |
| AVVR grade PRE Norwood | |||
| Mild/none | 88 (86.3) | 203 (89.0) | 0.47 |
| Moderate/severe | 14 (13.7) | 25 (11.0) | |
| AVVR grade POST Norwood | |||
| Mild/none | 80 (78.4) | 184 (80.7) | 0.63 |
| Moderate/severe | 22 (21.6) | 44 (19.3) | |
| Right ventricular fractional area change POST Norwood, N=314 | 0.36 (0.32–0.41) | 0.36 (0.32–0.41) | 0.60 |
| Pre Norwood ascending aorta diameter, cm | |||
| <0.3 | 45 (45.5) | 121 (54.3) | 0.14 |
| ≥0.3 | 54 (54.5) | 102 (45.7) | |
| Mitral valve or aortic Aatresia at baseline | 54 (52.9) | 121 (53.3) | 0.95 |
| Census block poverty level (%) | 8.3 (3.1–17.1) | 8.9 (4.8–17.1) | 0.14 |
| Oxygen saturation at discharge | 82 (80–85) | 83 (80–86) | 0.15 |
| Postoperative length of stay, days | 26 (19–40) | 21 (15–33) | 0.005* |
| Age at stage II palliation, days, N=289 | 148 (120–187) | 163 (137–195) | 0.005* |
| Center volume | |||
| Small (<20 patients) | 18 (17.6) | 60 (26.3) | 0.09 |
| Large (≥20 patients) | 84 (82.4) | 168 (73.7) | |
AVVR indicates atrioventricular valve regurgitation; DHCA, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest; MBTS, modified Blalock‐Taussig shunt; RCP, regional cerebral perfusion; RVPAS, right ventricle‐to‐pulmonary artery shunt.