Table 3.

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression on All‐Cause Mortality for the Study Group Versus the Control Group

Models and Adjustments	HR	95% CI	P Value
Univariate model	0.56	0.51 to 0.62	<0.001
Multivariate model
Adjusted for diabetes	0.57	0.51 to 0.63	<0.001
Adjusted for ischemic heart disease	0.56	0.51 to 0.62	<0.001
Adjusted for duration of dialysis at enrollment	0.57	0.51 to 0.63	<0.001
Adjusted for No. of hospitalization	0.55	0.50 to 0.61	<0.001
Adjusted for Charlson comorbidity index	0.56	0.51 to 0.62	<0.001
Adjusted for various proceduresa	0.55	0.50 to 0.61	<0.001
Adjusted for medication at enrollmentb	0.58	0.52 to 0.64	<0.001
Final modelc	0.56	0.50 to 0.62	<0.001
Final model adjusted with time‐dependent covariates
Adjusted for the exposure duration of β‐blocker therapy	0.76	0.68 to 0.85	<0.001
Adjusted for the exposure duration of β‐blocker therapy and the exposure duration of ACEI or ARB therapy	0.80	0.72 to 0.90	<0.001

ACEI indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; HR, hazard ratio.

^aThe procedures include myocardial perfusion scan, coronary angiography, and percutaneous coronary intervention.

^bThe medications include fibrates, insulins, H2‐antagonists, and proton pump inhibitors.

^cThe control variables include in the final model demographic variables (sex and age), clinically relevant variables (diabetes, ischemic heart disease, duration of dialysis at enrollment, No. of hospitalizations, and Charlson comorbidity index), procedures (myocardial perfusion scan, coronary angiography, and percutaneous coronary intervention), and medications at enrollment (fibrates, insulins, H2‐antagonists, and proton pump inhibitors).