Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the patientsa.
| Baseline characteristics | Total |
|---|---|
| (n = 226) | |
| Age, years | 65.8 ± 7.5 |
| Male sex | 219 (96.9) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.3 ± 3.3 |
| BSA, m2 | 1.70 ± 0.15 |
| Smoking amount, pack-years | 46.7 ± 24.9 |
| Current smoker | 72 (31.9) |
| Underlying diseases | |
| Congestive heart failure | 4 (1.8) |
| Myocardial infarction | 4 (1.8) |
| Hypertension | 59 (26.1) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 23 (10.2) |
| Asthma | 56 (24.8) |
| Pulmonary function tests | |
| FEV1, L | 1.64 ± 0.56 |
| FEV1, % predicted | 61.2 ± 19.1 |
| FVC, L | 3.46 ± 0.80 |
| FVC, % predicted | 91.3 ± 18.3 |
| FEV1/FVC, % | 47.3 ± 11.0 |
| DLco, % predicted (n = 221) | 80.7 ± 25.1 |
| RV, % predicted (n = 213) | 147.1 ± 57.6 |
| TLC, % predicted (n = 208) | 117.5 ± 20.5 |
| RV/TLC, % (n = 208) | 47.9 ± 12.9 |
| SGRQ, total score | 33.4 ± 17.6 |
| 6MW distance, m (n = 217) | 447.0 ± 74.9 |
| Oxygen saturation, % | 96.3 |
| Exacerbation in previous year | 41 (18.1) |
| Chest computed tomography parameters | |
| mPA, mm | 23.7 ± 3.3 |
| Ao, mm | 36.4 ± 3.6 |
| mPA/Ao ratio | 0.66 ± 0.09 |
| Airway index (n = 221) | 66.1 ± 6.3 |
| Air trapping, % (n = 221) | 94.4 ± 3.4 |
| Emphysema index (n = 221) | 22.8 ± 15.2 |
| Echocardiography | |
| Ejection fraction, % (n = 62) | 61.3 ± 5.7 |
| Right ventricular pressure, cmH2O (n = 107) | 29.0 ± 7.9 |
a Data are presented as numbers (percentages) for categorical variables. Continuous variables are presented as means ± standard deviations.
BMI, body mass index; BSA, body-surface area; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1s; FVC, forced vital capacity; DLco, diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide; RV, residual volume; TLC, total lung capacity; SGRQ, St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire; 6MW, 6-minute walking; mPA, main pulmonary artery diameter; Ao, aorta diameter.