Table 1. Characteristics of study population.

		Sm uninf (n = 61)	SmPCR+ (n = 63)	egg+ (n = 110)	p value
Age (median + range)		13 years [5–77]	12 years [6–70]	11 years [4–80]	P = 0.003
Eggs/g (median + range)		0	0	72 [24–960]
Gender	male	38 (= 62.3%)	48 (= 76.2%)	45 (= 40.9%)	p<0.001
	female	23 (= 37.7%)	15 (= 23.8%)	65 (= 59.1%)
Co-infection	yes	18 (= 29.5%)	16 (= 25.4%)	56 (= 50.9%)	p = 0.001
	no	43 (= 70.5%)	47 (= 74.6%)	54 (= 49.1%)
Access to latrine	yes	25 (= 41.0%)	33 (= 52.3%)	16 (= 14.5%)	p<0.001
	no	36 (= 59.0%)	30 (= 47.6%)	94 (= 85.5%)
Water supply	canal	41 (= 67.2%)	42 (= 66.7%)	100 (= 90.9%)	p<0.001
	water pipeline	3 (= 4.9%)	4 (= 6.3%)	10 (= 9.1%)
	donkey carts	17 (= 27.9%)	17 (= 27.0%)	0 (= 0.0%)
Education	no schooling	53 (= 86.9%)	52 (= 82.5%)	110 (= 100.0%)	p<0.001
	primary school	5 (= 8.2%)	9 (= 14.3%)	0 (= 0.0%)
	high school	3 (= 4.9%)	2 (= 3.2%)	0 (= 0.0%)

According to their diagnostic status, individuals were categorized as either Sm uninf (no eggs in stool and PCR^-), SmPCR⁺ (PCR⁺ but no eggs in stool), egg⁺ (Kato Katz positive). Table 1 shows the age, gender, egg load and co-infection status. Individuals were co-infected with one or more of the following: Hymenolepis nana, Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica. All individuals were negative for S. haematobium. See S1 Table for further details. In addition, access to latrines in house, the daily water source of the individual and schooling level are also shown. Absolute and percentage in brackets are shown for each category. p values denote statistical differences between the groups for that parameter tested by chi square test.