Table 2. Summary of binary multivariable regression analysis between the different patient groups: Relation of the covariates age, exposure and individual cytokines or Igs.
| Covariate | OR | CI | p value | Age | Exposure | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infected vs.uninfected | ||||||
| IL-1β (pg/ml) | 0.999 | [0.996–1.001] | 0.380 | |||
| IL-2 (pg/ml) | 0.998 | [0.996–1.001] | 0.239 | |||
| IL-4 (pg/ml) | 0.999 | [0.989–1.010] | 0.882 | |||
| IL-5 (pg/ml) | 0.996 | [0.993–1.000] | 0.039 | Yes (1+2) | Yes | |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 1.000 | [0.999–1.001] | 0.505 | |||
| IL-8 (ng/ml) | 1.006 | [0.956–1.059] | 0.807 | |||
| IL-9 (pg/ml) | 0.988 | [0.973–1.004] | 0.137 | |||
| IL-10 (pg/ml) | 0.997 | [0.982–1.012] | 0.671 | |||
| IL-12p70 (pg/ml) | 0.994 | [0.983–1.004] | 0.227 | |||
| IL-13 (pg/ml) | 1.005 | [0.992–1.019] | 0.418 | |||
| IL-17A (pg/ml) | 0.997 | [0.993–1.002] | 0.275 | |||
| IL-22 (pg/ml) | 0.998 | [0.996–1.001] | 0.132 | |||
| IFN-γ (pg/ml) | 0.999 | [0.990–1.008] | 0.790 | |||
| TNF-α (pg/ml) | 0.998 | [0.993–1.004] | 0.512 | |||
| total IgE (ng/ml) | 1.158 | [1.040–1.289] | 0.007 | Yes (1+2) | Yes | |
| SEA IgG4 (OD) | 16.021 | [6.509–39.431] | 0.000 | Yes (1+2) | Yes | |
| SEA IgE (OD) | 0.763 | [0.223–2,603] | 0.665 | |||
| egg+ vs Sm uninf | ||||||
| IL-1β (pg/ml) | 1.000 | [0.997–1.002] | 0.776 | |||
| IL-2 (pg/ml) | 0.999 | [0.997–1.002] | 0.560 | |||
| IL-4 (pg/ml) | 0.997 | [0.985–1.009] | 0.588 | |||
| IL-5 (pg/ml) | 0.996 | [0.991–1.000] | 0.054 | Yes (1+2) | Yes | |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 1.000 | [0.999–1.002] | 0.458 | |||
| IL-8 (ng/ml) | 1.004 | [0.952–1.058] | 0.886 | |||
| IL-9 (pg/ml) | 0.969 | [0.931–1.008] | 0.117 | |||
| IL-10 (pg/ml) | 0.996 | [0.979–1.013] | 0.616 | |||
| IL-12p70 (pg/ml) | 0.978 | [0.958–0.997] | 0.027 | Yes (1+2) | Yes | |
| IL-13 (pg/ml) | 1.010 | [0.995–1.024] | 0.201 | |||
| IL-17A (pg/ml) | 0.996 | [0.997–1.002] | 0.201 | |||
| IL-22 (pg/ml) | 0.998 | [0.995–1.000] | 0.109 | |||
| IFN-γ (pg/ml) | 0.998 | [0.987–1.008] | 0.651 | |||
| TNF-α (pg/ml) | 0.997 | [0.990–1.004] | 0.365 | |||
| total IgE (ng/ml) | 1.260 | [1.104–1.437] | 0.001 | Yes (1+2) | Yes | |
| SEA IgG4 (OD) | 13.644 | [5.228–34.872] | 0.000 | Yes (1) | Yes | |
| SEA IgE (OD) | 0.983 | [0.237–4.082] | 0.981 | |||
| SmPCR+ vs Sm uninf | ||||||
| IL-1β (pg/ml) | 0.995 | [0.991–1.000] | 0.036 | Yes (1+2) | No | |
| IL-2 (pg/ml) | 0.993 | [0.986–1.000] | 0.062 | Yes (1+2) | No | |
| IL-4 (pg/ml) | 1.000 | [0.988–1.013] | 0.958 | |||
| IL-5 (pg/ml) | 0.997 | [0.993–1.002] | 0.220 | |||
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 1.000 | [0.999–1.001] | 0.570 | |||
| IL-8 (ng/ml) | 1.023 | [0.955–1.097] | 0.513 | |||
| IL-9 (pg/ml) | 0.997 | [0.981–1.013] | 0.679 | |||
| IL-10 (pg/ml) | 0.995 | [0.975–1.015] | 0.606 | |||
| IL-12p70 (pg/ml) | 0.998 | [0.987–1.009] | 0.739 | |||
| IL-13 (pg/ml) | 0.996 | [0.981–1.011] | 0.603 | |||
| IL-17A (pg/ml) | 0.998 | [0.992–1.004] | 0.533 | |||
| IL-22 (pg/ml) | 0.999 | [0.996–1.002] | 0.558 | |||
| IFN-γ (pg/ml) | 0.999 | [0.987–1.010] | 0.802 | |||
| TNF-α (pg/ml) | 0.999 | [0.992–1.006] | 0.771 | |||
| total IgE (ng/ml) | 1.076 | [0.952–1.217] | 0.240 | |||
| SEA IgG4 (OD) | 35.396 | [9.282–134.984] | 0.000 | Yes (1+2) | No | |
| SEA IgE (OD) | 0.575 | [0.122–2.719] | 0.485 | |||
| egg+ vs SmPCR + | ||||||
| IL-1β (pg/ml) | 1.005 | [1.001–1.009] | 0.024 | No | Yes | |
| IL-2 (pg/ml) | 1.007 | [1.001–1.013] | 0.026 | No | Yes | |
| IL-4 (pg/ml) | 1.002 | [0.986–1.017] | 0.834 | |||
| IL-5 (pg/ml) | 0.999 | [0.992–1.005] | 0.739 | |||
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 1.000 | [0.999–1.001] | 0.793 | |||
| IL-8 (ng/ml) | 0.980 | [0.927–1.035] | 0.475 | |||
| IL-9 (pg/ml) | 0.978 | [0.946–1.011] | 0.196 | |||
| IL-10 (pg/ml) | 1.010 | [0.989–1.030] | 0.366 | |||
| IL-12p70 (pg/ml) | 0.991 | [0.975–1.006] | 0.230 | |||
| IL-13 (pg/ml) | 1.017 | [1.000–1.034] | 0.051 | No | Yes | |
| IL-17A (pg/ml) | 0.998 | [0.992–1.005] | 0.642 | |||
| IL-22 (pg/ml) | 0.998 | [0.996–1.001] | 0.195 | |||
| IFN-γ (pg/ml) | 1.003 | [0.991–1.016] | 0.596 | |||
| TNF-α (pg/ml) | 1.001 | [0.992–1.010] | 0.813 | |||
| total IgE (ng/ml) | 1.103 | [0.992–1.228] | 0.070 | No | Yes | |
| SEA IgG4 (OD) | 1.788 | [0.779–4.115] | 0.170 | |||
| SEA IgE (OD) | 2.314 | [0.521–10.30] | 0.270 | |||
Data were assessed using a binary multivariable regression analysis using the covariates age and exposure with each individual cytokine or immunoglobulin. The age covariate was subgrouped into "young" (4–9 years old), "adolescent" (10–19 years old) and "adult" (20–80 years old). The covariate "exposure" referred to the daily water source and therefore "exposed" means individuals obtained water from the canal region whereas "not exposed" means water sources were donkey carts or pipes. Analysis was performed between the three different groups and the results depict significant parameters with OR (odds ratio), 95% CI and p values. When the OR is above 1 then associations are with the group which is listed first. The columns age and exposure state whether or not there was an association with the cytokines and immunoglobulins that were significant between the groups. Group 1 refers to "young" and group 2 refers to "adolescent"; no associations with "adult" were found.