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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2016 Jan 15;37:44–52. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2015.12.008

Figure 2. Synaptic transmission occurs at multiple timescales.

Figure 2

A. Left: A two-component inhibitory response of medial pleural neuron (in Aplysia) at resting level (Post) to a single presynaptic spike (Pre). Right: Typical response of a medial pleural neuron to repeated firing of the presynaptic neuron. A rapid IPSP is associated with each presynaptic spike, whereas the slow IPSP is only evident with repeated firing and is seen as a summated slow wave [41]. B. Phasic activation of DA controls the three different components of firing in striatal interneurons by coordinated action of glutamate and DA release: glutamate (NMDA) receptor activation evokes an initial burst followed by an afterhyperpolarlization with a firing pause, while DA elicits both a D2-type DAR-dependent firing pause and a late D1-type DAR-dependent burst. DA – dopamine, Ach – Acetylcholine, CIN – cholinergic interneuron [58].