Table 3. Results from AMOVA grouping localities by islands and regional groups.

In all cases p-values were highly significant (<0.001 after Bonferroni and FDR correction). In all cases, all localities were included in the analysis, but the regional groups change. Groups in case 2 and 3 are based on models using oceanic currents and different PLDs (30 and 60 days) (Treml et al., 2008). Groups in case 4 and 5 are based on findings from Bayesian analyses. Names of localities as in Table 1.

Factor	Islands	Localities within islands/regions	Within localities	Total
1. Grouping by islands
SS	216.80	29.47	1790.13	2036.39
VC	0.62	0.04	3.48	4.14
PV	15.02	1.03	83.95	100.00
$F_{\mathrm{ST}}$				0.160
2. [GBR + V]
SS	208.16	38.11	1790.13	2036.39
VC	0.61	0.06	3.48	4.14
PV	14.65	1.35	84.00	100.00
$F_{\mathrm{ST}}$				0.160
3. [GBR + V + S + K + Guam]
SS	127.67	118.60	1790.13	2036.39
VC	0.77	0.22	3.48	4.46
PV	17.17	4.84	77.99	100.00
$F_{\mathrm{ST}}$				0.220
4. STRUCTURE groups: [Guam + K + S] + [Ja + GBR + V + P]
SS	175.03	71.24	1790.13	2036.39
VC	0.80	0.09	3.48	4.36
PV	18.34	1.97	79.69	100.00
$F_{\mathrm{ST}}$				0.203
5. STRUCTURE group 1: [Guam + K + S]
SS	201.32	44.95	1790.13	2036.39
VC	0.79	0.06	3.48	4.33
PV	18.34	1.38	80.28	100.00
$F_{\mathrm{ST}}$				0.197

Notes.

SS

sum of squares

VC

variance component

PV

percentage of covariance