Table 2.
Demographic data, drug use patterns, neuropsychological and risk tasks.
| Stimulant-naïve controls (n = 26) | Cocaine users (n = 31) | t | df | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DEMOGRAPHY | |||||
| Age | 31.62 (9.14) | 30.81 (7.87) | 0.36 | 55 | 0.72 |
| Sex (number/%) | 10/16 38/62% | 5/26 16/84% | 3.64‡ | 1 | 0.06 |
| Verbal IQ | 109.58 (11.64) | 106.32 (9.28) | 1.18 | 55 | 0.25 |
| Years of education | 11.10 (1.80) | 10.16 (1.49) | 2.11 | 55 | 0.04 |
| BDI | 1.85 (2.33) | 8.35 (9.50) | –3.69 | 55 | 0.00 |
| ADHD-SR score | 7.69 (4.92) | 14.97 (8.88) | –3.90 | 55 | 0.00 |
| COCAINE USE | |||||
| Lifetime (g) | – | 744.04 (927.09) | – | – | – |
| Coctot (pg/mg) | – | 14120 (37769) | – | – | – |
| Coceth (pg/mg) | – | 818 (1750) | – | – | – |
| CCQ | – | 18.06 (8.84) | – | – | – |
| NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS | |||||
| RVP A′ | 0.94 (0.04) | 0.92 (0.04) | 1.78 | 55 | 0.08 |
| LNST | 15.19 (2.79) | 14.61 (3.03) | 0.75 | 55 | 0.46 |
| RAVLT7 | 13.92 (1.73) | 12.65 (2.51) | 2.24 | 54 | 0.03 |
| RAVLTsum | 66.56 (5.46) | 60.65 (9.34) | 2.96 | 54 | 0.01 |
| SWM | 30.00 (6.81) | 32.48 (4.52) | –1.59 | 55 | 0.12 |
| RISK TASK (RALT) | |||||
| C | 0.39(0.49) | 0.45(0.49) | –2.09 | 1123 | 0.04 |
| up | –2.14(9.4) | –1.38(9.25) | –1.39 | 1106 | 0.16 |
| p | 0.49(0.26) | 0.47(0.26) | 1.16 | 1102 | 0.25 |
BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; ADHD-SR, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Rating Scale; C, choice behavior; Coctot, cocaine + benzoylecgonine + norcocaine concentration in hair; Coceth, ethylcocaine in hair sample; CCQ, Cocaine Craving Questionnaire; p, probability of the uncertain alternative, RVP A′, Rapid Visual Processing task A′; LNST, Letter Number Sequencing Task; RAVLT sum, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (Σtrials 1-5); RAVLT7, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (trial 7); SWM, Spatial Working Memory; up, uncertainty premium. Significant p-values are shown in bold. Statistical tests: Independent t-tests for continuous data and ‡chi2 for frequency data.