Table 5.
MANOVA results on preadolescents/adolescents vs. adults difference in means on the four Th.o.m.a.s. scales.
| Scale | Preadolescents and adolescentsa (N = 80) | Adultsa (N = 74) | Univariate F statistics and η2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| A I–Me, First-order first-person ToM |
3.21 (0.48) | 3.82 (0.25) | F(1, 152) = 93.73; p < 0.0001, 0.38 |
| B Other–Self, Allocentric third-person ToM |
2.97 (0.46) | 3.70 (0.36) | F(1, 152) = 116.41; p < 0.0001, 0.43 |
| C I–Other, Egocentric third-person ToM |
2.94 (0.51) | 3.71 (0.35) | F(1, 152) = 117.98; p < 0.0001, 0.43 |
| D Other–Me, Second-order first-person ToM |
2.98 (0.49) | 3.66 (0.35) | F(1, 152) = 95.70; p < 0.0001, 0.38 |
a
Mean and (standard deviation); Multivariate F statistics associated to Pillai's trace: F(4, 149) = 35.57; p < 0.001.