Figure 5. Impacts of social reinforcement effect and information transmission rate on the social cost and optimal control.

For SF-ER double-layer network, the social cost C is versus the parameters of α and λ_A in subfigures (a,b), respectively. Here, the value of λ_B is fixed at 0.3. The optimal α_o versus β_A and optimal λ_Ao versus α are demonstrated in subfigures (c,d), respectively. In (a) three different values of λ_A (0.2, 0.3, and 0.5) are selected, corresponding to the black circle solid, red triangle solid, and blue square solid lines, respectively. In (b) different values of α (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0) corresponds to the black circle solid, red triangle solid, and blue square solid lines, respectively. (c) the α_o versus λ_A and (d) the λ_Ao versus α under different λ_B (0.2, 0.3 and 0.5) correspond to the black circle solid, red triangle solid, and blue square solid lines, respectively.