Figure 3. Hormone levels relative to clinical presentation characterized by KC grade, central corneal thickness (CCt_min), maximum curvature (Kmax), and in Keratoconus (KC) patients compared to healthy controls (HC).

(A–D) Estrone, (E–H) estriol, (I–L) 17β-estradiol, and (M–P) DHEA-S levels plotted relative to age at time of collection, clinical severity (KC grade), maximum curvature (Kmax), and minimum central corneal thickness (CCt_min) measured in microns. For each patient, the eye with the most severe KC clinical features was plotted versus hormone concentration. (A,E,I,M) Best-fit linear curve for age-dependence of hormone concentrations shown with solid lines and the 90% confidence interval with dotted lines (HC in blue and KC in red).