FIG. 3.

Rearing and center activity in the open field after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Vertical movements (rearing) were unaffected by mild CCI (A), but were reduced on day 1 postinjury in mice that sustained severe CCI (B). On all other days tested (7, 14, and 21), female mice had reduced vertical movements, compared to male mice. Assessment of activity in the center of the apparatus, expressed as a function of total activity, suggested that mice with mild TBI were anxious on the first day postinjury (C), and severe TBI resulted in anxiety on all days tested postinjury (D). Injured mice and sham-treated mice are represented by broken lines and solid lines, respectively; pound sign (#) denotes a significant effect of the represented injury level on the given test day. Asterisks (*) in (A) and (B) represents a main effect of sex (male>female) on rearing on days 7, 14, and 21. CCI, controlled cortical impact.