FIG. 4.

A moderate effect of VNS was also observed in the number of attempts to pull 120g and the maximal pull speed of animals. (A) An example pull trial is shown that demonstrates how the number of pull attempts to reach 120g was calculated. (B) To calculate maximal pull speed, we derived the change in force from the original force signal of each trial. (C) Both groups of animals were impaired on the number of attempts to reach 120g following CCI, but a moderate effect of VNS was observed during therapy. (D) Both groups demonstrated a decrease in peak pull speed after CCI. During therapy, there was a significant effect of VNS comparing across the two groups. Data are plotted as mean±SEM. An * indicates a significant difference between VNS+Rehab and Rehab groups at each time point (p<0.05 with unpaired t tests). Filled circles at each time point indicate a significant difference from the POST time point (Bonferroni-corrected paired t tests p<0.0083). Open circles indicate no significant difference from POST. CCI, controlled-cortical impact; SEM, standard error of the mean; VNS, vagus nerve stimulation.