Table 1. Characteristics of study participants by quintile of aMed score.
| Quintile of aMed score for total subjectsa |
P-trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | >Q4 | Q5(highest) | ||
| N = 2371 | 448 | 478 | 502 | 495 | 448 | |
| aMed Score (range) | 0–2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6–9 | |
| Age, year | 59.7 (4.84) | 60.6 (4.89) | 60.2 (4.86) | 60.2 (4.86) | 60.7 (5.56) | 0.036 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.3 (3.29) | 23.6 (3.15) | 23.3 (2.98) | 23.7 (3.14) | 23.7 (3.27) | 0.065 |
| Household income, N (%) | 0.002 | |||||
| <2000 Yuan·m−1 P−1 | 101 (22.5) | 86(18.0) | 84 (16.7) | 83 (16.8) | 75 (16.7) | |
| 2000–3000 Yuan·m−1· P−1 | 188 (42.0) | 202 (42.3) | 209 (41.6) | 193 (39.0) | 176 (39.3) | |
| >3000 Yuan·m−1· P−1 | 159 (35.5) | 190 (39.7) | 209 (41.6) | 219 (44.2) | 197 (44.0) | |
| Education, y | 0.036 | |||||
| <9 | 132 (29.5) | 147 (30.8) | 140 (27.9) | 117 (23.6) | 121 (27.0) | |
| 9–12 | 227 (50.7) | 215 (45.0) | 233 (46.4) | 253 (51.1) | 218 (48.7) | |
| >12 | 89 (19.9) | 116 (24.3) | 129 (25.7) | 125 (25.3) | 109 (24.3) | |
| Married, N (%) | 391 (87.3) | 425 (88.9) | 447 (89.0) | 445 (89.9) | 398 (88.8) | 0.167 |
| Smokerb, N (%) | 47 (10.5) | 44 (9.2) | 46 (9.2) | 39 (7.9) | 30 (6.7) | 0.033 |
| Calcium supplement user, N (%) | 116 (25.9) | 132 (27.6) | 162 (32.3) | 150 (30.3) | 139 (31.0) | 0.055 |
| Multivitamin regular use, N (%) | 68 (15.2) | 82 (17.2) | 89 (17.7) | 102 (20.6) | 94 (21.0) | 0.008 |
| Physical activityc, MET• h/d | 33.9 (5.50) | 33.4 (4.78) | 34.3 (5.70) | 34.1 (5.85) | 34.7 (6.08) | 0.007 |
| Dietary intaked | ||||||
| Energy intake, kkcal/d | 1.64 (0.41) | 1.64 (0.38) | 1.60 (0.39) | 1.65 (0.39) | 1.63 (0.40) | 0.685 |
| Protein, g/d | 67.2 (9.46) | 68.4 (10.2) | 70.3 (10.5) | 71.9 (10.8) | 72.5 (9.95) | <0.001 |
| Carbohydrate, g/d | 222 (35.4) | 223 (33.2) | 222 (33.9) | 225 (33.3) | 226 (29.2) | 0.050 |
| Total fat, g/d | 53.3 (11.6) | 53.3 (10.9) | 52.1 (10.6) | 51.9 (10.3) | 51.1 (9.50) | <0.001 |
| Saturated fat, g/d | 14.7 (3.48) | 14.2 (3.02) | 13.7 (2.91) | 13.4 (2.86) | 13.0 (2.63) | <0.001 |
| Monounsaturated fat, g/d | 20.4 (4.84) | 20.2 (4.51) | 19.6 (4.37) | 19.4 (4.19) | 19.0 (3.88) | <0.001 |
| Components of a Med score | ||||||
| Whole grainse, g/d | 7.76 (11.6) | 9.73 (10.4) | 11.8 (13.7) | 13.4 (10.0) | 15.8 (9.26) | <0.001 |
| Vegetables (excluded potatoes), g/d | 278 (93.9) | 313 (97.3) | 354 (115) | 398 (123) | 433 (118) | <0.001 |
| Fruits (included juices), g/d | 104 (64.2) | 124 (76.1) | 151 (99.6) | 162 (75.3) | 192 (75.2) | <0.001 |
| Legumes, g/d | 27.3 (17.2) | 35.9 (23.2) | 45.3 (29.8) | 48.8 (28.1) | 57.7 (27.6) | <0.001 |
| Nutsf, g/d | 1.24 (1.33) | 2.05 (2.30) | 2.53 (2.46) | 3.00 (2.78) | 3.59 (2.71) | <0.001 |
| Fish, g/d | 35.1 (20.8) | 42.1 (28.1) | 50.0 (37.0) | 58.0 (46.3) | 63.8 (35.0) | <0.001 |
| Monounsaturated to saturated fat ratio | 1.40 (0.12) | 1.43 (0.14) | 1.44 (0.14) | 1.45 (0.14) | 1.47 (0.13) | <0.001 |
| Red and processed meats, g/d | 96.4 (34.6) | 83.5 (34.3) | 77.3 (33.5) | 67.4 (29.8) | 58.6 (28.2) | <0.001 |
| Moderate alcohol drinker, N (%) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) | 3 (0.6) | 2 (0.4) | 0.255 |
| Women, N | 319 | 333 | 367 | 343 | 316 | |
| Years since menopause, year | 9.49 (6.00) | 9.89 (5.94) | 9.28 (5.56) | 9.18 (5.77) | 9.81 (6.14) | 0.944 |
| Oestrogen user, N (%) | 11 (3.4) | 21 (6.3) | 26 (7.1) | 20 (5.8) | 21 (6.6) | 0.160 |
We presented continuous variables as Mean (SD) while categorical variables as frequencies (percentage). Linear trends were tested by ANOVA or Chi-square tests as appropriate.
aIncluding 693 men (62.1 ± 5.2, years) and 1,678 women (59.5 ± 4.7, years), 96.8% whom were postmenopausal women.
bSmoker were defined as those smoke ≥1 cigarettes daily for at least six consecutive months.
cPhysical activities included daily activities in occupation, leisure-time, and household-chores was calculated and translated into MET• h/d.
dDietary values presented here were energy-adjusted except for energy intake.
eRefers to non-refined cereals, such as graham bread, oats, cereal flakes, etc., calculated as dry weight.
fValues was calculated and expressed as proteins.